Analysis and explanation of stock returns based on third and fourth order torques of non-systematic risk and the role of arbitrage constraints and investors' limited attention to it
Subject Areas : Investmentsroqaye talebi 1 , Majid Zanjirdar 2 , Mohammadreza pour Fakharan 3
1 - Department of Accounting,, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
2 - Department of Finance,, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
3 - Accounting Department, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
Keywords: Futures stock returns, Third and fourth order torques of unsystematic risk, Arbitrage constraints, Limited shareholder attention,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of stock returns to non-systematic risk torque measurement models. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2013and 2020. The present research is in the category of applied research. If the classification of types of research is considered based on the nature and method, the method of the present research is descriptive in terms of nature and is considered as a correlational research in terms of method. Based on the systematic elimination method, 152 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test and Jark-Bra test were used, and then multivariate regression were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS software). The results showed the effect of unsystematic risk torques on future stock returns with increasing limited shareholder attention; Arbitrage restrictions as well as the simultaneous interaction between limited shareholder attention and arbitrage restrictions are intensifying; The obtained results eliminate the contradiction of studies and are consistent with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of research and financial literature.
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Seydian, M; Zanjirdar, M; Rafiei, N. (2019).” The Impact of Investor Tendencies and Arbitrage Limits on Portfolio Returns at Different Levels of Surplus Cash”, Quarterly Journal of New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, Persian. 6 (3), 25-43.
Shokrkhah, J; Bolo, Q; Haqiqat, M (2017).” Investigating the effect of higher order torques and unsystematic fluctuations on future stock returns using the Fama-Macbeth model. Empirical Studies in Financial Accounting”, Persian. 14 (56), 109-133.
Talebnia, Gh; Ahmadi, SM; Bayat, M (2015),” Investigating the relationship between the quality of accruals and unsystematic risk”. Financial Accounting Researches, Persian, 24 (2), 33-52.
Tehrani, R; Nabizadeh, A; Belgourian, M. (2008).” Investigating the effect of skewness and kurtosis on describing stock returns using capital asset pricing model and Fama-French three-factor model”, Daneshvar Raftar bimonthly, Persian, 9(47), 155-162.
Xiang, Cheng & Chen, Fengwen & Wang, Qian. (2019). “Institutional Investor Inattention And Stock Price Crash Risk”. Finance Research Letters. 10.1016/J.Frl.2019.05.002.
Xu, N.X., Yu, S.R., Yi, Z.H., (2013). “Institutional Investors' Herding Behavior And Stock Price Crash Risk”. Manage. World (In Chinese) 7, 31–43.
Zhou, L., Yang, C.(2019). “Investor Sentiment, Investor Crowded-Trade Behavior, And Limited Arbitrage In The Cross Section Of Stock Returns”. Empir Econ (2019) Doi:10.1007/S00181-019-01630-7.
_||_Abdul Baqi, A; Sohrabi, F (2015),” Unsystematic Risk Shocks and Expected Returns of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, 3rd International Conference on Applied Researches in Management and Accounting”, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. Persian, 17 (3), 66-77.
Aggarwal, G., Aggarwal, N. (2020). “Risk-Adjusted Returns From Statistical Arbitrage Opportunities In Indian Stock Futures Market”. Asia-Pac Financ Markets. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10690-020-09317-1.
Ang, A, Hodrick, R, Xing, Y And Zhang, X. (2006). “The Cross-Section Of Volatility And Expected Returns”, Journal Of Finance, 61, 259-299.
Anwari, I; Kiyani, M (2017). “Investigating the Impact of Risk-taking on the Return on Shares of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange”, 2nd International Conference on Management and Economics Coherence on Development, Tehran , Persian, 7, 55-77. Doi. / 716134
Asadi, M, Kheyrollahi, F (2020, “Study of the relationship between earnings management, market reaction and stock returns”, the first international conference on new challenges and solutions in industrial engineering and management and accounting, Sari , Persian , 3, 103-123. Doi. / 104574.
Bali, G.Turan And Nusret, Cakici. (2008). “Idiosyncratic Volatility And Cross Section Of Expected Returns”.Journal Of Financial And Quantitative Analysis.Vol.43. No.1.March2008,Pp.29-58.
Bozor Asl, M; Marfoo, M; Arabi, M (2018), “The Relationship between Arbitrage Restrictions and Asset Growth Anomalies in Companies”, Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches, Persian. 10 (39), 65-80.
Chan, Konan, Lin, Yueh-Hsiang, Wang, Yanzhi. (2017). “Limits-To-Arbitrage, Investment Frictions”, And Innovation Anomalies, Pacific-Basin Finance.
Chu, Yongqiang And Hirshleifer, David, A. And Ma, Liang. (2020). “The Causal Effect Of Limits To Arbitrage On Asset Pricing Anomalies”. Journal Of Finance, Forthcoming, Available At SSRN: Https://Ssrn.Com/Abstract=2696672 Or Http:// Dx.Doi.Org/ 10.2139/Ssrn.2696672.
Chua, C, Goh, J And Zhang, Z. (2010). “Expected Volatility, Unexpected Volatility And The Cross-Section Of Stock Returns”, Journal Of Financial Economics, 2, 103-123.
De Long, B. , Shleifer, A. , Summers, L. , Waldmann, R. (1990). “Noise Trader Risk In Financial Markets”. J. POLIT. ECON. 98 (4) , 703–708.
Dulu, Maryam, Fartoukzadeh, Hamidreza. (1395). Cross-sectional returns: Liquidity and the effect of unsystematic risk. Journal of Accounting Knowledge, 7 (26), 85-106.
Fama, E., & French, K. (1993). “Common Risk Factors In The Returns On Stocks And Bonds”. Journal Of Financial Economics, Vol. 33, No 1, Pp. 3-56.
Firoozian, M; Baharvand, M. (2016). “Investigating the reaction of stock returns to dividend changes in Tehran Stock Exchange, Fifth International Conference on New Achievements in Humanities and Management”, Shiraz. , Persian, 12 (4), 35-47.
Gard, A; Miri Poodeh, M; Salehi, A (2018),” Special Fluctuations in Stocks, Liquidity and Stock Returns, 2nd International Conference on New Developments in Management, Economics and Accounting”, Tehran: Allameh Khoei Institute of Higher Education - Koosh International Company. , Persian, 11 (1), 22-38.
Ghanbari Marvast, M; Tio, H; Azadi, A (2020),” A Study of the Performance of Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Fama-French Three-Factor Model in Predicting Tehran Stock Securities, Sixth National Conference on Economics”, Management and Accounting, Shirvan. , Persian, 3 (2), 17-34.
Gu, M., Kang, W., Xu, B. (2016). “Limits Of Arbitrage And Idiosyncratic Volatility: Evidence From China Stock Market”. J. Bank. Financ. 86, 240–258.
Guo, H And Savickas, R. (2005). “Idiosyncratic Volatility, Stock Market Volatility, And Expected Stock Returns”, Working Paper.
Hezbi, H; Salehi, A. (2016).” Comparison of the explanatory power of Carhart four-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model in prediction of expected stock returns”. Journal of Financial Engineering and Securities Management. , Persian. No. 28. 137-152.
Kahneman, D., (1973). “Attention And Effort”. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Khajavi, Sh; Fa’al Qayyumi, A. (2016). “Investigating the Relationship between Accounting Ratios and returns Skewness in order to explain the growth and value stock anomalies”, Accounting and Auditing Reviews, Persian. 23 (4), 461-482.
Li, Xiafei , Luo, Di,(2015). “Investor Sentiment, Limited Arbitrage And The Cash Holding Effects”. 28th Australasian Finance And Banking Conference. Available At SSRN: Https://Ssrn.Com/Abstract=2638291
Mohammadi, Sh; Asima, M (2019), “Research Paper: Unsystematic Risk Pricing by Explaining Arbitrage Risk, Financial Management Strategy”, Persian. 7 (3), 1-24
Pashler, H., Johnston, J.C., (1998). “Attentional Limitations In Dual-Task Performance”. H Pashler Attention.
Rafiei, S; Aghababaei, M (2017). “Risk of Arbitrage and Irregularity of Accruals in Tehran Stock Exchange, 2nd International Conference on Management Coherence and Economics on Development”, Tehranو Persian. 8 (2), 12-35.
Rostami Mohammad Reza, Moghaddasi Bayat Maryam, Maqami Reyhaneh. (۱۳۹۵). Analysis of the relationship between unsystematic risk and stock returns based on quantitative regression and Bayesian approach, financial management perspective, Information Issue: Winter 2016, Volume 6, Number 4 (16); From page 135 to page 151.
Seydian, M; Zanjirdar, M; Rafiei, N. (2019).” The Impact of Investor Tendencies and Arbitrage Limits on Portfolio Returns at Different Levels of Surplus Cash”, Quarterly Journal of New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, Persian. 6 (3), 25-43.
Shokrkhah, J; Bolo, Q; Haqiqat, M (2017).” Investigating the effect of higher order torques and unsystematic fluctuations on future stock returns using the Fama-Macbeth model. Empirical Studies in Financial Accounting”, Persian. 14 (56), 109-133.
Talebnia, Gh; Ahmadi, SM; Bayat, M (2015),” Investigating the relationship between the quality of accruals and unsystematic risk”. Financial Accounting Researches, Persian, 24 (2), 33-52.
Tehrani, R; Nabizadeh, A; Belgourian, M. (2008).” Investigating the effect of skewness and kurtosis on describing stock returns using capital asset pricing model and Fama-French three-factor model”, Daneshvar Raftar bimonthly, Persian, 9(47), 155-162.
Xiang, Cheng & Chen, Fengwen & Wang, Qian. (2019). “Institutional Investor Inattention And Stock Price Crash Risk”. Finance Research Letters. 10.1016/J.Frl.2019.05.002.
Xu, N.X., Yu, S.R., Yi, Z.H., (2013). “Institutional Investors' Herding Behavior And Stock Price Crash Risk”. Manage. World (In Chinese) 7, 31–43.
Zhou, L., Yang, C.(2019). “Investor Sentiment, Investor Crowded-Trade Behavior, And Limited Arbitrage In The Cross Section Of Stock Returns”. Empir Econ (2019) Doi:10.1007/S00181-019-01630-7.