Standardization of questionnaires in sports sociological studies

Subject Areas : Sociological studies of sports

Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi ¹ (Associate Professor of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2023-01-28 Accepted : 2023-04-29 Published : 2023-09-23

Keywords: Sociological, Normative, questionnaire, Sports,

Abstract :

Objective: The purpose of this research was to standardize questionnaires in sports sociological studies.Methodology: The method of conducting this research was descriptive-analytical, and it was tried to investigate various researches and sources in the field of statistical methods and to describe and use the desired tests in the field of questionnaires standardization.Results: The results of the investigations show that SPSS, AMOS, R, Lisrel, Stata, EQS and PLS software are used in the factor analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires. Also, in the process of standardization of questionnaires, the sample size in factor analysis, face and content validity, translation validity, types of reliability, convergent and divergent validity, construct validity and model fit should be determined with the desired methods that are explained in the text of the article. ; It should be considered so that measuring instruments with reliable validity and reliability can be used by researchers in various studies by measuring the norm of questionnaires.Conclusion: By using standardized questionnaires in the field of sports sociology, reliable and credible results can be obtained, and based on that, real operational solutions can be proposed.Objective: The purpose of this research was to standardize questionnaires in sports sociological studies.Methodology: The method of conducting this research was descriptive-analytical, and it was tried to investigate various researches and sources in the field of statistical methods and to describe and use the desired tests in the field of questionnaires standardization.Results: The results of the investigations show that SPSS, AMOS, R, Lisrel, Stata, EQS and PLS software are used in the factor analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires. Also, in the process of standardization of questionnaires, the sample size in factor analysis, face and content validity, translation validity, types of reliability, convergent and divergent validity, construct validity and model fit should be determined with the desired methods that are explained in the text of the article. ; It should be considered so that measuring instruments with reliable validity and reliability can be used by researchers in various studies by measuring the norm of questionnaires.Conclusion: By using standardized questionnaires in the field of sports sociology, reliable and credible results can be obtained, and based on that, real operational solutions can be proposed.