Presenting a model of factors affecting social unrest and its effect on observing behavioral norms in stadiums

Subject Areas : Sociological studies of sports

Masoud Naderian jahromi ¹ , Elham Akhavan ²

1 - Department of Sport sManagement، Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science، University of Isfahan، Isfahan، Iran.
2 - Department of Sport sManagement، Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science، University of Isfahan، Isfahan، Iran.

Received: 2022-01-26 Accepted : 2022-01-27 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: behavioral norms, Social turmoil, Rules and regulations, football spectators,

Abstract :

Objective: In order to provide a comprehensive and coherent view of social turmoil, the purpose of this study was to design a multilevel model of social turmoil and its effect on the observance of behavioral norms in stadiums.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the first part included existing and available research in valid scientific databases in the field of social turmoil and in the second part was the spectators and managers of football clubs in 1398. Sampling was performed by purposive and available methods. The identification of the desired factors was done by meta-combination method and determining the relationships between them with the help of interpretive structural modeling.Results: The results showed social turmoil at four social levels (global developments and cultural transition, lack of justice in resource distribution, culture industry and lack of agreement on the fundamental values of society), organizational level (base incompatibilities, functional inconsistency of community institutions, non-legislative Necessary and weak (lack of necessary structures), group (ethnicity and sports teams, politicians entering the field of sports, informal groups) and individual level (personal characteristics, family history, lack of self-management, internal and external motivation, economic poverty) was classified. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between the two variables of feeling social turmoil and the degree of observance of spectator behavioral normsConclusion: Managers of clubs and stadiums should consider legal facilities for sports spectators as good citizens. The People's Police should be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and the necessary preparations should be made for each match by the officials, and they should make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards.Considering the results of the research which showed that the more control and the possibility of punishment for the norm-breakers, the more the development of the principles of fair play increases and the more the beauty of the sport and its enjoyment, so it is suggested that Sports clubs should be organized in a systematic manner and have a serious and effective participation in the development of a moral charter in accordance with the cultural conditions of Iranian society. It is also suggested that spectator rights in sports environments, both before and during competitions, in which the behavioral, verbal and behavioral indicators of officials and police with spectators are precisely defined and to train it through training sessions. Hold public events and workshops. It is suggested that during a systematic and continuous process, good and law-abiding spectators be identified and encouraged through the fan club, and that the managers of clubs and stadiums consider facilities for sports spectators as good citizens according to the law. It is suggested that the People's Police be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and that the necessary preparations be made for each match by the officials, and that they make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards. Win-lose thoughts are not encouraged as much as possible by coaches, managers and players, and the nature of sports participation and enjoyment of the match is promoted.

References:

• Anbari, Musa (2006) "From Yesterday's Acting to Today's Spectator" New Season Online Magazine .www.fasleno.com) .Persian(


• Abbaszadeh, Mohammad, Abedini, Issa, Mohammad Reza Hassani and Morteza Mubarak Bakhshaish (2012) Social Unrest and Observance of Traffic Laws (Case Study: Drivers in Tabriz), Journal of Strategic Research in Social Issues of Iran, 1, 4. 19-38) .Persian(


• Al-Miri, Mujtaba. (2008) "Study of factors affecting the presence of football spectators in Tehran in the stadium" Master Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan) .Persian(


• Atmar Weiss, (2014). "Fundamentals of Sociology of Sport" translated by Keramatollah Rasekh, first edition, Ney Publications. Tehran) .Persian (


• Biranvand; Reza, Yarahmadi; Hossein and Alireza Milani (2021) Analysis of the development of crime prevention in the Iranian legal system, Journal of Disciplinary Knowledge Research, 22, 2 .100-123) .Persian(


• Bjerregaard, Beth., Cochran, John K., (2008). A Cross-National Test of Institutional Anomie Theory: Do the Strength  of  Other  Social Institutions Mediate or Moderate the Effects of  the  Economy  on  the  Rate  of  Crime?, Western Criminology Review 9(1). 31– 48.


• Di Palma, D., Raiola, G., & Tafuri, D. (2017). The strategic contribution of sport to the management of diversity. Sport Science, 10(1), 40-43.


• Donihue, Michael. Findlay, David & Newberry, Peter (2002) An Analysis of attendence at Major League Baseball spring Training Games. Journal of sport and Economics. 18(1).39-61.


• Rich( 2013) Exploring the Relationship Between Pedagogy and Physical Cultural Studies: The Case of New Health Imperatives in Schools, journal of social studies, humankinetics,64– 84.


• Freling, H P(1997). An Analysis of the Factor that influence fan attendence in minor league baseball games. Microform Publication, International Instituiate for sport and Human performance. 98- 112.


• Ghasemnejad; Khalil, Ali Reza Jazini; Abdullah Hendiani (2019) The Relationship between Precautionary Responsibility of Organizations and Social Prevention of Crime, Journal of Disciplinary Knowledge Research, Volume 20, Number 3 - Serial Number 80, Pages 1-31. ) .Persian(


• Hajro, A., Gibson, C. B., & Pudelko, M. (2017). Knowledge exchange processes in multicultural teams: Linking organizational diversity climates to teams’ effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 60(1), 345-372.


• Hosseinpour, Jafar (2017) Investigating the effective factors on social prevention of burglary, Journal of Social Order and Security, Volume 10, Number 40, pp. 165-18 ) .Persian(


• Jay Scherer, Jordan Koch (2010 ) Living With War: Sport, Citizenship, and the Cultural Politics of Post -9/11 Canadian Identity SSJ 27, 1, 30 ,  ,1 – 29.


• Naderian, Massoud (2016) "Fundamentals of Sociology in Sports" Fourth Edition, Bamdad Publications). Applied ethics in sports competitions, Jahrom University Pres ) .Persian(


• Naderian, Massoud (2015) Mojtabaei; Kazem, Mehrdad Nawabakhsh; Mehrdad, Kaldi; Alireza and Qader Zare Mahdavi (2016) A Study of Changes in Social Cohesion Due to Migration 5 in Qom, Journal of Social Order and Security, 13, 50, 51-70. ) .Persian(


• Namvar, Sajjad, Mohammad Javad Zahedi, Homa Zanjanizadeh (2013) Analysis of Dealing with Evil from the Perspective of Turbulence Theory (A Case Study of the Police Dealing with Street Evil in North Khorasan), Quarterly Journal of Educational Research, 9, 37, 1-31) .Persian(


• Rob Owens( 2013) Ultimate Fighting and Embodiment, sociology of sport journal, ,humankinetics, volume 30, 104 – 107.


• Sadeghi; Ali, Pourgholami, Mohammad Reza (2021) An analysis of environmental elements affecting women's sense of security in the studied urban spaces: Shahreri, Volume 8, Number 2 - Serial No. 15, pp. 69-85 ) .Persian(


• Safari, Behrooz (2011) Theory of turmoil and social turmoil in Iran, Iranian Journal of Social Studies, 5, 4,. 62-85


• Simon Darnell (2010) Power, Politics and “Sport for Development and Peace”: Investigating the Utility of Sport for International Development, 54 – 75.


• 24) Talebpour; Aboutrab, Alizadeh, Sajjad (2015) A Phenomenological Study of the Experience of Discrimination and Ethnic Inequality among Kurdish Students in Iranian Universities, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Volume and Number: Volume 19, Number 4, Pages 1-25) .Persian(


• Vukayibambe Isaac,  Khoza  (2004): Deviant driving  behavior : an epidemiological study, http://yjj.sagepub.com.


• Warner, Barbara., Glenn, D. Pierce, L., (1993), Re- Examining Social Disorganization Theory Using Calls to The Police as a Measure of Crime, Criminology 31,: 493- 518.


• Noora J. Ronkainen, , Michael McDougall( 2020) Beyond Health and Happiness: An Exploratory Study Into the Relationship Between Craftsmanship and Meaningfulness of Sport, Sociology of Sport Journal, 37 (4), 1–10  


• Tyreal Yizhou Qian, Jerred Junqi Wang and James Jianhui Zhang( 2020) Push and Pull Factors in E-Sports Livestreaming: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach, International Journal of Sport Communication, 13: 4,    621–642