This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club members as well as to conduct anthropometric measurements and dietary habits assessments. The study population consisted of members of sports clubs. The socio-economic status (SES) questionnaire, demographic information, dietary habits questionnaire, questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and practice on sports supplements, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity questionnaires were investigated. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports clubs’ members were reported to be low in the sense that both men and women practiced bodybuilding more than other sports in all five regions of Tehran. Men and women reported exercising for fitness and weight loss respectively. Men took supplements to gain muscle mass while took them women more for weight loss. Protein and carbohydrate, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), fiber, anabolic steroids, glutamine, arginine, and antioxidant supplements were consumed more frequently by men. The consumption rate of the supplement was high amongst the members of sports clubs; however, their knowledge and attitude were low. Additionally, the dietary habits of subjects were not suitable and their physical activity was not proper. According to anthropometric data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high. Regarding what is mentioned above, the authorities are required to include such issues in large-scale policies. Manuscript profile

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body's organs. Sodium intake has many side effects but is also necessary for health. Previous studies on sodium intake have shown inconsistent results, and to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on this topic in Iran. Therefore, we decided to study the relationship between sodium intake and anthropometric indices in patients with acute heart failure in Tehran in 2021. The study was conducted on 114 patients with acute heart failure aged 16 to 80 admitted to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tehran. Demographic information and data related to sodium intake were collected using questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements were made using standard methods. More than half (54.4%) of the patients were men, and 45.6% were women, with an average age of 62. SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Spearman's correlation test measured the relationship between sodium intake and anthropometric indices. There were no statistically significant differences or correlations between sodium intake and anthropometric indices in patients with acute heart failure Manuscript profile

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder that affects millions of teens and young adults worldwide, but its link to dietary intake is still unclear and requires more research. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between diet and acne among 150 adolescents aged 12-18 in Tehran province. The participants reported their dietary intake using a 24-hour recall method. Their anthropometric data were measured using standard methods. Their acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Scoring System (GAGS). Their diet quality was evaluated using the International Diet Quality Index (DQI-I) based on Kim et al. 2003. The mean GAGS scores for the whole sample and for girls and boys were 9.24±8.9, 8.79±8.9, and 9.7±7.13, respectively. The prevalence of acne was 71.5% for the whole sample, 93.3% for boys, and 69.1% for girls. The mean DQI-I score for the whole sample was 48.54. The regression analysis showed no association between acne severity and DQI-I score, food groups, or micro and macronutrients. This study found no evidence of a connection between diet quality and acne among adolescents. Further prospective studies are needed to verify or refute this finding. Manuscript profile

Osteoporosis is now recognized as a community health problem, and its complications can impose a lot of financial and psychological damage to the community. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food insecurity with osteoporosis in 40 to 50-year-old non-menopausal women. In this study, 280 non-menopausal women aged 40 to 50 years old referred to the Alborz Bone Mineral Density Center (Karaj, Iran) in a case-control study were compared in two groups of 140 with osteoporosis and normal bone in 2018. The Household Information Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was completed. Finally, the data were analyzed using χ2 and one-way ANOVA and correlation. In this study, there was a significant relationship between food security and osteoporosis (p<0.001). 77.9% of healthy subjects and 87.1% of people with osteoporosis had food insecurity. The associated factors with osteoporosis were the age (p=0.01), number of children (p=0.002), number of breastfeeding months (p<0.001), age of menarche (p=0.001), exposure to direct sunlight (p=0.05), physical activity (p<0.001), history of osteoporosis (p=0.018), economic status (p<0.001) and smoking (p=0.02). After the adjustment of confounding factors in the regression analysis, predictive factors for osteoporosis were the age of menarche, physical activity, and household economic status. Considering the factors associated with osteoporosis and the association of food insecurity with osteoporosis in non-menopausal women, provision of proper nutrition guidelines and preventive measures seem to be necessary. Manuscript profile

Obesity is an important preventable disease and increases the chance of developing some chronic diseases like hypertension which is related to many factors including oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants protect the body against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of dietary oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index with blood pressure in overweight or obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. In a cross-sectional study on 157 adult females and males from students and staff of Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU) of Tehran that classified in two groups of normal weight and overweight or obese were evaluated. Demographic and validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were completed and individuals' weight and height information were measured using the BIA. The systolic and diastolic pressure was recorded by the Automatic Blood Pressure monitor. Dietary antioxidant was estimated based on the ORAC index of selected foods reported by the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the normal and overweight or obese groups in terms of body mass index, systolic and diastolic pressure (p=0.0001). Also, the ORAC index was higher in normal individuals than the case group, but it was not significant (p=0.222). There was also an inverse correlation between dietary ORAC, systolic and diastolic pressure in both groups, and only in the normal weight group, the association between systolic pressure and the dietary ORAC index was significant (p=0.04). The findings of the present study suggested that the dietary ORAC index was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic pressure in both subjects. Manuscript profile