Thecurrent research is an applied research, which uses field data and descriptive-correlation and causal-correlation design to analyzing the relationships between variables. This study was an attempt to identify variables affecting rural participation in cooperatives forest by-products in Ilam. Population of this research is exploiters of forests in Ilam. The number of cooperatives and number of members were 38 and 1300 people. Based on Krejcie and Morgantables, 297 members were selected for this study through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire, which an expert panel guaranteed the validity of it, was data collection instrument. By using Cronbach alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was measured. Cornbach alpha coefficient was 0.91. The results of Spearman's coefficient of correlation indicated that there is a significant correlation between age, work experience, level of education, ownership of agrarians, extension contacts, attitude to cooperative, trend to participation, distance to nearest agriculture services, social capital, legislation and support legal, cooperative management, level of income, capital, the use of resources of information, and social status with their participation. The results of step-wise multivariate regression showed that age and level of education, ownership of agrarians, extension contacts and social status totally indicate 51.2 % of changes in people's participation. Manuscript profile

The propouse of this study was to investigate the role of information and communication technology in agricultural systems and the transition to food security and sustainability. From the perspective of the purpose, the present study is an applied research and from the perspective of data collection method is also a survey research. The statistical population of this study includes managers and experts and managers working in the Agricultural Jihad of Khuzestan province. Acorrding to Statictics from the human resources unit of the organization there are 96 experts. Due to the limited statictical society enhsus method was used. Questionnaire was used to measure research variables. The validity of the questionnaire was used by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability and Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.798. Descrptive statistic methods used include mean, median and frequency percent and inferencial statistical methods used Partial least squares method. The results show that information and communication technology has a positive and significant impact on agricultural systems. On the other hand, agricultural systems have an impact on food security and sustainable agriculture. Finally, it has been shown that information technology through agricultural systems enhances food security and achieves sustainable agricultural goals. DOR:20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.1.5.7 Manuscript profile

This research aims to investigate the role of personalized digital extension services on agricultural performance (a case study of farmers in Fars province). In terms of the purpose of an applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is considered a descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of this research included 287,863 farmers in Fars province. Morgan's table was used to calculate the sample size. According to this table, the sample size under investigation is 385 people. A panel of experts was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Its value for the whole questionnaire was 898, which shows that the questionnaire has good reliability. To analyze the research data in the descriptive statistics section of the mean, median, frequency and frequency percentage and in the inferential statistics section of the structural equation modeling method with the partial least squares approach (PLS SEM) in the three main sections of external model evaluation (examining the relationship between the question and the variable), the internal model (examining the relationship between the variables) and checking the fit of the model using SPSS 21 and Smart PLS 2 statistical software. The results of the research showed that personalized digital extension services have a positive and significant effect on agricultural performance, agricultural income, variety of product production, intensity of input consumption, product productivity, willingness to use technology and product commercialization of farmers in Fars province. Manuscript profile

Risk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk management strategies in Khuzestan province. The research is exploratory in terms of its purpose, in terms of the nature and type of data study of the newly emerging foundation, and in terms of time, it is a survey research. The statistical population of the research consists of professors, managers and leading farmers and experts who had sufficient experience in the field of agriculture. The sample size included 15 experts. The analysis method in the qualitative part is the content analysis method. The research results in the qualitative part identified 10 main factors (individual factors, environmental factors, economic factors, market factors, product insurance, human factors, educational-promotional factors, agricultural characteristics, social factors and political-institutional factors), and 28 dimensions. (Age, education, family size, background, access to credit and financial services, income, savings and investment, price, economic situation of the country, ownership, severe market fluctuations, approximate distance from the garden to the sales center, middlemen, government guaranteed purchase , promotion of agricultural insurance culture, land characteristics, climatic factors, pest and disease, manpower information, education, promotion factors, crop cultivation, social trust, use of indigenous knowledge, social participation, stability of laws and regulations, communication with foreign neighbors, government support). finally led to the identification of 99 effective concepts on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Manuscript profile

Climate change is one of the most important challenges that affect different parts of human life on the earth. Due to its very close relationship with natural resources and climatic conditions, the agricultural sector is the most affected by this change. Thus, this study aimed to identify the factors affecting the capacity of wheat farmers to adapt their careers to climate change in Gachsaran County, Iran. The research was an applied study in which field data were used in a descriptive-correlational and causal-correlation design to analyse the relationships of the variables. The research population was composed of 1845 wheat farmers working in Gachsaran. Using Cochran’s formula, 318 farmers were selected for the study through simple randomization. A questionnaire, which included personal and professional features, the factors affecting the farmers’ adaptation capacity, and the farmers’ perceptions of climate change, was developed by the researcher. An expert panel was used to address the validity of the developed questionnaire. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was measured to be at the acceptable level of 0.72. The results of the multivariate regression showed that social capital, quality of life, the number of people aging over 60 in the family, the number of family members contributing to agriculture, income from agriculture, access to educational services, age, academic degree, total agricultural land, level of experience, and wheat yield per hectare accounted for the bulk of variance in the dependent variables (39.77%). Manuscript profile