Huge genetic diversity of Persian walnut in Iran provides a great opportunity for walnut breeders to use it for introducing varieties with desirable traits. In this regard, evaluating the genetic diversity and introducing superior genotypes is the foundation step of a walnut breeding program. This study was conducted to exploit the genetic diversity in Savadkuh county, Mazandaran province, Iran to identify some superior genotypes during 2013-2016. In the first step, 91 seed-originated genotypes were selected based on questionnaire. In the second stage, the morphological characteristics of the selected genotypes were studied using two IPGRI and UPOV descriptors in 2015. The results showed that nut and kernel weight ranged between 7.3-16.7 g and 3.2-8.6 g, respectively. Also, kernel percentage and shell thickness varied from 36 to 60.74% and from 0.8 to 2.8 mm, respectively. According to the morphological evaluation, 9 out of 91 genotypes (SR7, SR8, SR14, SR23, SR24, SR33, SR52, SR60 and SR83) were selected as superior genotypes. The selected superior genotypes were morphologically evaluated for two consecutive years (2015-2016). These superior walnut genotypes had high yield, lateral bearing habit (45-60%), heavy (13.4-16.7 g) and large nuts, high kernel percentage (48.6-56.6%), thin to moderate shell (1.1-1.6 mm) with light kernel color. Due to distinct and desirable characteristics, the selected superior genotypes can not only be used as parents in the further breeding program, but also some of them have the potential to release as commercial varieties. Manuscript profile

High genetic diversity is the guarantee of success in a breeding program. Therefore, it is important to study the genetic diversity in plant populations. Because Iran consider as one of the primary walnut origin centers, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of the walnut population in the Bavanat region in the Southwestern Iran during the 2010-2015 growing season. For this purpose, 349 walnut seed-originated walnut trees from seven different regions of Bavanat were pre-selected based on local information. After primary evaluation, 92 walnut genotypes were selected to be further studied. The phenological and pomological characteristics of the genotypes were evaluated based on IPGRI descriptor. The results showed that high genetic diversity was observed in the studied germplasm in terms of important horticultural traits, especially nut and kernel weight, kernel percentage, nut size, shell thickness, lateral bearing, leafing date, and harvest date. The nut weight, kernel percentage, kernel weight, and shell thickness varied between 6.75-16.33 g, 40.15-67.22%, 3.30-8.15 g, and 0.58-2.30 mm, respectively. Cluster analysis classified the studied genotypes into six main groups. Furthermore, correlations among some horticultural traits indicated that kernel weight, nut weight, difficulty of removal of kernel halves, and shell thickness are main traits in determining kernel percentage. Also, lateral bearing, leafing date, nut weight, and nut size determine the final yield of walnut trees. In conclusion, high biodiversity in the walnut population of Bavanat region provides unique plant genetic resources for walnut genetic improvement programs to achieve desirable commercial cultivars and rootstocks. Manuscript profile