زمینه و هدف: صنعت آب‌زی پروری به عنوان یک فعالیت کشاورزی بسیار مهم در شرایط کنونی تحت تأثیر مفهوم پایداری قرار دارد که می تواند با کم‌ترین آسیب به محیط زیست، متضمن امنیت و سلامت غذایی جامعه ی روستایی باشد. پژوهش حاضر با بررسی وضعیت فعلی آب‌زی پروری به دنبال تدوین راه‌کارهای دست‌یابی به آب‌زی پروری پایدار در استان گیلان با تأکید بر ابعاد محیط‌زیستی آن به انجام رسید. روش بررسی: رویکرد کلی این تحقیق، کیفی است که به منظور تحلیل داده های آن از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شد. نمونه گیری به صورت هدف‌مند بوده و اعتبار یافته های تحقیق از طریق مثلث بندی تأیید شد. در تحقیق حاضر از روش های گوناگونی ( مصاحبه ی انفرادی و بحث گروهی) استفاده شد. هم‌چنین داده ها از منابع مختلف مانند اعضا و مدیران تعاونی های آب‌زی پروری، آب‌زی پروران و کارشناسان اداره کل شیلات استان گیلان به دست آمد. یافته ها و نتایج: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در شرایط فعلی برای دست‌یابی به آب‌زی پروری پایدار مدیریت نهاده، مدیرت تولید، مدیریت و کنترل پساب و بازاریابی مناسب مورد نیاز است. بر اساس یافته های تحقیق پیشنهادهایی ارایه گردید که می تواند به دست اندرکاران آب‌زی پروری استان جهت دست‌یابی به آب‌زی پروری پایدار کمک کند. Manuscript profile

Over 90 percent of the agrarian system in the west of Iran is based on family farming. Thus, rural people in this region are dependent on agricultural resources, pastoral systems, and nonfarm activities for their livelihood, which has heightened their vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, this study aims to measure the livelihood resilience of family farming to climate change in Mahidasht. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018. A total of 338 wheat farmers were selected for interview on the basis of a systematic random sampling method. The instrument developed by the Speranza module was translated into the Persian language. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results revealed that the capacity for learning was improved compared to the other components of livelihood resilience. However, less than half of all participants (44.51) did not have adequate self-organization. Based on the results, the framework proposed for measuring livelihood resilience has a holistic view and can measure all aspects of resilience. It is, thus, recommended to use this framework in the research related to this field. Moreover, livelihood resilience to climate change was found to be influenced by gender, marital status, age, and level of education. Hence, it is recommended to local planners and relevant authorities to consider these differences when developing livelihood resilience plans in the region and design their plans based on these differences. Manuscript profile

This study aimed to determine whether dual-labor markets increase the income and consequently the food security of rural households and whether they improve the general health of the heads of these households. To achieve this goal, a descriptive cross-sectional survey with comparative designs was conducted to explore the relationship among the research variables. The statistical population was composed of the heads of rural households living in the rural district of Mahidasht in Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Overall, 283 household heads, who were chosen by the systematic sampling method, were interviewed. Food security and general health were measured using the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM-18) and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The validity of the research instrument was assessed and confirmed by an expert panel at Razi University and its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed in the SPSS16 and AMOS software packages. The results show that dual-labor markets significantly increase the income of the household heads who work in secondary labor forces, and as a result, they enjoy a higher degree of food security in their households. However, a closer examination reveals that the income generated from the secondary labor market has a significant inverse correlation with the general health of these household heads, as they are more likely to suffer from severe depression, anxiety, insomnia, and social dysfunction (compared to the household heads who were not working in secondary labor forces). In the end, the paper provides several recommendations for local officials, planners, and policymakers. Manuscript profile