The purpose of this research was to determine knowledge management in the empowerment of the experts of Agricultural Organization in Ilam County of Iran. The statistical population was composed of all employees with the organizational positions of expert or higher in Agricultural Organization of Ilam (N=150). A self-designed questionnaire was used as data collection tool whose face and content validities were confirmed by a panel of experts and whose reliability was estimated to be 0.89 by Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 in two groups of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variations) and inferential statistics (Spearman test of correlation and multiple regression analysis). Results of regression analysis showed positive, significant relationship of knowledge exchange, knowledge generation, and number of training courses with people’s empowerment so that they, together, accounted for 40% of the variations of dependent variable. Manuscript profile

As the world's increasing population grows, providing the food needed by the human community is facing serious constraints, which has cused farmers to use pesticides and chemical pesticides for two reason: first increase their production and second fight against plant pests. Use of toxins and chemical fertilizers has put people at greater risk. Safe crop cultivation is a way to combat this problem. In the present study, researcher compare the cultivation behavior of healthy crop based on demographic variables. This research is a quantitative, ex-post facto (Causal-comparative research), non-experimental study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 80304 rural beneficaries in Kermanshah province that 385 people selected as sample size. Because of the dispersion of the statistical population, 400 questionnaires were distributed through multi-stage cluster sampling among the users. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of beneficiary's behaviors regarding the cultivation of healthy products in Kermanshah province based on the variables of participation in educational-extension classes, role model, age, work experience, educational level and monthly income. Only marital and gender variables were not significantly different. Success can be achieved by holding extension classes in this field and introducing exemplary and successful farmers as a role model and giving financial rewards to them. The government and the Agricultural Extension and Education Organization have a significant role to achieving this success. Manuscript profile

در دنیای امروز خشکسالی از جمله مهم‌ترین بلایای طبیعی است که علی رغم تلفات انسانی کم در صورت وقوع، خسارت‌های اقتصادی و تبعات اجتماعی فراوانی را در پی خواهد داشت. به همین جهت توجه به ویژگی‌ها، نقش و اثرهای خشکسالی در کشور با توجه به عدم مطالعه آن تا حال یک ضرورت اساسی می‌باشد. تحقیق حاضر از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به روش توصیفی – پیمایشی می باشد که شیوه اجرای آن به صورت میدانی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای می باشد. حجم نمونه شامل 380 سرپرست خانوار روستایی می باشد. پس از مرور مطالعات مقدماتی، شاخص‌های اقتصادی آسیب‌پذیری استخراج شدند. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان شیروان و چرداول به لحاظ پارامترهای اقتصادی بیشترین آسیب‌پذیری را داشته اند و خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان دره‌شهر با کمترین آسیب‌پذیری اقتصادی مواجه بوده اند. Manuscript profile