The purpose of this research was identifying mechanisms for the development of human resources in Khouzestan sugarcane agro industrial company, Iran. This is an applied study and the research method was descriptive correlative. The population consisted of employees working in the sugarcane agro industrial company in the province of Khuzestan, Iran(N=315). One hundred and seventy five people were selected as a sample size by using Krejcie and Morgan table. The questionnaire was pre-tested among 30 people and Cronbach alpha between 0.837-0.978 was determined. The main tool was a questionnaire. In this study, after the collection and classification of data, according to the type of research in two stages using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were taken. All data processing and statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS20. For analysis data, correlative coefficients and factor analysis were used. Based on the results of factor analysis the factors were categorized into three main components, which have been named social and professional factors, educational and infrastructural factor, information and participation factor. The obtained results from the factor analysis revealed that the three mentioned factors explained 74.599% of the variation of mechanisms for the development of human resources in Khouzestan sugar cane agro-industry. The first group which is labeled social and professional factor had the most eigen value (7.513). Also, this factor explained 30.054% of the total variances of the variables. The second group, labeled educational and infrastructural factor, with eigen value 7.475 explained 29.9% of the total variances of the variables. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of organic farming development in Lorestan province, Iran. This research has been conducted from February to December 2022 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand the challenges through grounded theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Lorestan province. The data were collected by performing in-depth semi-structured interviews with the 32 agricultural experts in this field. To measure the validity of this qualitative study, a strategy of triangulation was used and to measure the reliability, constant testing and comparison methods of data and use of tables to record data were used. Data analysis was done by using MAXQDA12 in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study by grounded theory identified 29 initial codes and seven main following challenges were categorized and by AHP prioritized: lack of technical knowledge, skills and motivation in the field of organic production, weakness in the information and advertising network in the field of organic consumption, weakness in management and human resources of organic training courses, lack of financial resources and credits for organic training courses, structural and content weakness of organic training courses, weakness of modern research regarding organic agriculture and lack of awareness of the relative advantage of organic agriculture. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research was comparative analysis of the status of agricultural cooperative extension training in compliance with the learning organization. Causal-comparative research has been used to achieve the research purpose. In this study, the Ex-Post Facto research method was used. Members of agricultural cooperatives in Alborz province were 25,000 people in the statistical population of the study. Using Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of this community was 379 people. Statistical analysis of the research was performed using SPSS software version 22. At first, based on previous studies and conducting three brainstorming sessions with experts on educational dimensions (training needs assessment, educational goals, educational content, educational facilities and methods, professional competencies of educators and educational evaluation) based on the principles of the learning organization (personal mastery, mental models, systems thinking, shared vision and team learning), indicators and sub-indicators appropriate to the study population were identified. In order to compare the current and desired situation of the dimensions of extension training of agricultural cooperatives in Alborz province in accordance with the learning organization, the Wilcoxon test was used. Based on the results of comparing, all educational dimensions, ie educational needs assessment, educational goals, educational content, educational facilities and methods, professional competencies of educators and educational evaluation, it was determined through Wilcoxon test that with 99% probability between current and desired in compliance with the learning organization in Alborz province there is a significant difference. Manuscript profile

The purpose of the research was identifying and analyzing of indicators and sub-indicators of innovation management in agricultural cooperatives of Khuzestan province, Iran. Causal-comparative research has been used to achieve the research objectives. In this study, the Ex-Post Facto or causal-comparative research method was used to compare the current and favorable situation of agricultural production cooperatives in accordance with the indicators of innovation management in Khuzestan province, Iran. Members of agricultural cooperatives with farming branch in Khuzestan province were 3823 people. the sample size was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan table, (n=349). The sampling method was stratified random sampling method. Statistical analysis of the research was performed using SPSS software version 22. To compare the current and favorable situation of innovation management indicators in agricultural cooperatives, Wilcoxon test was used. Based on the results, all indicators of innovation management, ie innovation creation, innovation organization, innovation planning, financing and creation of innovation facilitation infrastructure, attention to innovation application strategies, innovation research and development, innovative human resource development Dissemination of innovation, organizational developments in the direction of innovation, application of innovation and marketing of new products in the current and favorable situation with a 99% probability had significant difference. Manuscript profile

The main purpose of this study is identifying strategies for agricultural sustainable development in Iran. This research is a mixed exploratory research and has been carried out in a combination of qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, various methods such as semi-structured interviews and focus group techniques were used. In a quantitative part, the population of the study consisted of wheat farmers of Khouzestan province, Iran. The stratified random sampling method was selected as the research sampling method. In order to formulate strategic planning, the model of analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) was used. Also, in the quantitative part of the research through Structural Equation Model (SEM), the role of the identified strategies was evaluated and the designed model was approved. Based on the results, it can be found that the predictive positive effect of WO1 (β=0.512, t-value=3.453, p<0.001), WO2 (β=0.533, t-value=3.516, p<0.001), WO3 (β=0.581, t-value=4.129, p<0.001), WO4 (β=0.916, t-value=5.821, p<0.001), WO5 (β=0.861, t-value=4.523, p<0.001), WO6 (β=0.823, t-value=5.123, p<0.001), WO7 (β=0.694, t-value=5.212, p<0.001), WO8 (β=0.761, t-value=4.928, p<0.001), WO9 (β=0.832, t-value=5.257, p<0.001) and WO10 (β=0.621, t-value=4.153, p<0.001) on the ASD. Based on the results, the amount of R2=0.74 was estimated. This indicates that 10 strategies and 34 construct have the ability to explain 74% of the ASD variance. Based on the results obtained, the overall goodness of the fitting statistics showed that the structural model is well consistent with the data. The designed strategic plan can play an effective role in the sustainable development of agriculture. Manuscript profile

The main purpose of the current research was to identify the barriers of science and technology parks (STPs) in the development of agricultural technology in Iran. The statistical population of this research were 824 managers of agricultural companies, and 180 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula and selected by stratified random sampling. The validity of the research tool was determined through a panel of experts and its reliability was determined through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This coefficient was higher than 0.7 for all sections. In order to measure the barriers of STPs in the development of agricultural technology, 26 items were proposed and evaluated based on manager's views. The obtained results show that seven factors explain 65.697 percent of the barriers of STPs in the development of agricultural technology. The first factor with eigenvalue of 8.671 and explained about 12.568% of the variance related to barriers, was named as "organizational barriers ". The next barriers were named as "economic and financial barriers", weakness in risk management", "Management barriers", "social and cultural barriers", "scientific barriers" and "attitudinal barriers", were named. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research was analyzing knowledge of women with household jobs agriculture toward innovation management in Masjed Soliman Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran. The population of this study included women with household jobs agriculture in Masjed Soliman Township. The total number of members was 100 people. Due to the low number of population, census methods were used to collect data. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and it was appropriate for this study. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). To reach the research objectives, appropriate statistical procedures for description were used. Data analysis was carried out through data description and data inferential analysis. The results of research showed the correlation between level of education, creativity, social participation, attitude toward innovation management, income and knowledge toward innovation management was significant. Therefore, we can conclude that woman with high level of education, creativity, social participation, attitude toward innovation management, income had high knowledge toward innovation management. The result of regression analysis by stepwise method indicated level of education, creativity, social participation, attitude toward innovation management and income may well explain for 64.6% changes (R2 = 0.646) in knowledge of women with household jobs agriculture about innovation management. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research was analyzing attitude of rural cooperatives managers in Khouzestan province toward electronic commerce, Iran. The research method was correlative descriptive. The population of this study included rural cooperatives managers in Khuzestan province. The total number of members was 101 people. Due to the limited population, census method was used. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and it was appropriate for this study. There was between 0.771 to 0.842. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). To reach the research objectives, appropriate statistical procedures for description were used. Data analysis was carried out through data description and data inferential analysis. The results of research showed the correlation between level of education, creativity, technical requirements, social requirements, educational requirements, managerial requirements, economical requirements, political requirements, age and attitude toward electronic commerce in rural cooperatives was significant. Also the result of regression analysis by stepwise method indicated level of education, creativity, attitude to technical requirements, social requirements, educational requirements, managerial requirements, economical requirements, political requirements and age may well explain for 61.9% changes (R2 = 0.619) in attitude of managers. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the adoption of wheat waste management by wheat farmers. The method used in this study using the spatial Probit models and Bayesian model was used to estimate the model. MATLAB software was used in this study. The data of 220 wheat farmers in Khouzestan Province based on random sampling were collected in winter 2016. To calculate Bayesian coefficients the Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastingsalgorithm were used. A Lagrange Multiplier test for spatial error dependence [LM(err)] and a Lagrange Multiplier test for spatial lag dependence [LM(lag)] to extract the appropriate model were used.The results of both models were statistically significant with 99% probability. Thus, both models can be used in interpreting the results. Based on the results of the estimation of spatial models the variables of participation in extension courses, technical knowledge about management of waste, income, crop’s yield, mechanization level and the spatial autoregressive coefficient had significant role on adoption of waste management. Manuscript profile

associated with this condition among summer crop growers in Shoushtar Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2017. The population consisted of summer crop farmers in the Shoushtar Township (N=850). The sample size was determined based on Morgan table (n=150). For analyzing food security level, the 18-item USDA household food security questionnaire, which contains questions that underlie the 12-month food security scale in survey-instrument form, was used. The food security scale was developed based on responses to questions Q2 to Q16 (18 questions). These include both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the household's food supply as well as household members' psychological and behavioral responses. Based on the results, more than half of households (52.67%) experienced food insecurity and less than half (47.33%) indicating that they are food secure. Correlation coefficient results showed that there was significant relationship between the income, educational level, extension education activities, social participation, technical knowledge and food security. Based on regression analysis, income, educational level, extension education activities, technical knowledge and social participation may well explain for 75.43% changes (R2=0.7543) in level of food security. Manuscript profile

The main purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the challenges of resistive economics in Iran's agricultural sector. The study used a survey method with a pairwise comparisons questionnaire as the main instrument. Because this study was based on the opinion of experts, 40 experts and senior managers of the Jihad Agricultural Organization of Khouzestan province were studied. The analysis process in this research was a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). By exploratory method, the most important criteria and sub-criteria and challenges of resistive economics were identified. The weight of each criterion was calculated after performing pairwise comparisons in fuzzy hierarchical analysis software and was determined in the following order: Economic flexibility (N) with a weight of 0.558, productivity promotion (T) with a weight of 0.320 and realize dynamic growth (S) with a weight of 0.122. After pairwise comparison of all challenges of implementing resistive economics based on sub-criteria, the results were combined and the final weight and priority of each challenges were identified. In order of priority, the challenges were: insecure economic environment to attract domestic and foreign investment (weight=0.265), low productivity of manpower and capital in agriculture with a weight of 0.198, lack of a coherent marketing and marketing system (weight= 0.132), extensive import versus limited export of products with a (weight= 0.132), low efficiency of agricultural production units (weight= 0.116), high waste of agricultural products (weight= 0.093) and land use change related to agriculture (weight= 0.064). Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of sustainable agricultural development in Iran. In this research, using a qualitative method, an attempt has been made to identify the challenges of sustainable agricultural development in Khuzestan province. Qualitative research involves in-depth evaluation, collection, and analysis of non-numerical data to identify and understand phenomena, concepts, ideas, or experiences. This research has been conducted from January to September 2021 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand the challenges through grounded theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied type of research, and (systematic) grounded theory is used. The data were collected by performing in-depth semi-structured interviews with the 30 agricultural experts in this field. Data analysis was done by using MAX qualitative data analysis version 12 software (maxqda12) in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study by grounded theory identified 29 initial codes and six main following challenges were categorized and by AHP prioritized: weakness in management and planning, weakness in human resources, shortage of attention to environmental studies, shortage of infrastructure facilities, shortage of credit and financial capital and weakness in legislation and sustainability policy. A model was finally designed based on the results of the study. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this study was to design a learning organization model for Agricultural Cooperatives (ACs) in Iran. To conduct this study, a survey research method was employed, with stratified random sampling as the chosen sampling method. The primary tool used in the research was the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ), a standard assessment questionnaire for evaluating learning organizations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the collected data. A two-step approach to SEM was used to assess the measurement model and design the structural model. The results revealed that the status of cooperative organizations in Iran did not align with the indicators of a learning organization (LO) and highlighted the need for a model to facilitate the adaptation of cooperatives towards becoming learning organizations. The proposed model identified the most critical dimensions of LO compatibility with cooperatives and the factors influencing them. Cooperative stakeholders can utilize this model to guide their adaptation towards becoming learning organizations in their respective fields of work. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering a model that is tailored to the unique context of cooperatives aiming to become learning organizations. Manuscript profile