: In this study effect of anthracene on germination, anatomy and oxidative stress in Medicagosativa was evaluated. Seed germination, length and weight of seedlings were measured after seven days of treatment (2 and 4 mmol L-1). After twelve days, anatomical changes and activity of Superoxide Dismutase, Polyphenol Oxidase, Ascorbate Peroxidase, Glutathione Transferase, Soluble Peroxidase, Malondialdehyde in shoots and roots, as well as chlorophyll content of aerial parts, were determined. Also, morphological changes during the growth in complete plants were studied. The results showed that, anthracene had no significant effect on seed germination, but reduced the length of seedlings and the weight of them. The activity of mentioned enzymes in the shoot and often in the roots, in 4 mmol L-1 anthracene significantly was increased compared to the control plants. Anthracene treatment decreased significantly Malondialdehyde levels in shoot, while it increased significantly in roots and this treatment had no significant effect on chlorophyll a and b contents. Periderm diameter increased in treated roots and xylem extent reduced in treated shoots. It seems that the low water solubility of anthracene, also, the low sensitivity of alfalfa to PAHs, partially stabilize the plant to low concentration of Anthracene. Manuscript profile