One of the most significant decorative and medicinal plants, the dog rose (Rosa canina L.), serves as the rootstock for the majority of ornamental roses, including hybrid roses. The quick growth with desirable traits and the creation of wholesome, disease-free plants are the major outcomes of in vitro rose propagation. So, in order to provide micropropagation instructions for this plant utilizing nodal explants, this research was carried out. Many factors including the type, concentration, and phase of culture medium, sampling season, type, and concentration of hormones were investigated in several experiments. Explant disinfection was significantly affected by the timing of immersion in different sodium hypochlorite concentrations as well as the explant sampling season. The explants harvested in the winter and treated with 1% sodium hypochlorite showed the lowest rate of infection and the best percentage of survival. The percent of explant establishment was affected by the culture medium used as well as the IBA and BAP concentrations employed; the highest percentage of explant establishment was found in the MS culture medium with 0.3 mg L-1 BAP and or 0.4 mg L-1 IBA. The solid MS culture medium with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP had a stronger impact on proliferation. The results of the root formation test proved that the highest percentage of rooting is obtained in the half-strength MS culture medium with 2 mg L-1 IBA. After adapting to the environment with more than 80% survival, the produced plants were finally moved to the greenhouse. Using these findings, Rosa canina can be quickly commercially propagated for use in breeding and conservation efforts. Manuscript profile

Pistachio is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. There is a unique role for amino acids in the plant response to stressful conditions, and special physiological role for Arginine (Arg) compared to other amino acids. The effects of this compound were investigated on vegetative and reproductive characters of bearing pistachio trees of ‘Ahmad-Aghaei’. The experiments were done as a factorial based on RCBD with four concentrations of Arg (0, 100, 200 and 300 µM) and three spraying stages (post harvest, flower buds swollen and flowering). Based on the results, Arg improved the vegetative and reproductive characters. Arg increased length and diameter of shoot, leaf area, the number of floweringbuds, the number of nuts in cluster, fresh weight of cluster, nut splitting (%) and ounce, and decreased flower buds abscission percent and blankness. Arg also significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll) in bearing pistachio trees. The best concentration of Arg was 200 µM applied of the flowering stage, but the strongest effect on the number of nut in cluster, fresh weight of cluster and blankness were observed when spraying at the flower bud swollen stage. Manuscript profile

In this study flowering time and other important morphologic traits were evaluated during two years in F1 almond progenies of seventy two seedlings from cross between the intermediate flowering Italian cultivar ‘Tuono’ and the extra-late blooming Iranian cultivar ‘Shahrood-12’. A modified-bulk segregant analysis in combination with the application of the 140 RAPD primers, 87 nuclear SSR markers spanning the whole almond genome and 5 chloroplast SSR markers, were used to identify molecular markers linked to flowering time. Results showed a quantitative inheritance of this trait in the studied progenies. The seedlings showed a wide range of flowering dates between both progenitors although some of these descendants were earlier in flowering than the early progenitor ‘Tuono’. Results showed that among RAPD markers evaluated, BA-17600,1000, BC-05320, BC-06800, BC-141750, BC-17600, BC-20250, OPC-05850 and OPC-09700,1100 markers were linked to late blooming time. In addition, markers BA-04720, BB-10630,BC-092000, BD-12510andOPC-12350 were linked to early blooming time. Two microsatellite loci (CPPCT008 and EPPCU2584) were also found to be tightly linked to flowering time. After construction the genetic map of population, QTL analysis was performed for blooming time. QTL analysis showed that OPC-09700,1100 and BA-17600,1000, markers were respectively located in 2 and 4 cM distance from one of the late flowering time loci. Also the BA-04720marker was located in 3 cM distances from one of the loci controlling early flowering time. These results are applicable in almond breeding programs for markers assisted strategy. The application of these results to other Prunus species has been also discussed. Manuscript profile