The braking system in cars is directly deals with the issue of safety, and as a result, it is essential to pay attention to this matter. One of the materials used to make disc and brake pads in disc brakes is a ceramic material. This research aims to simulate and analyze the dynamic-thermal ceramic brake disc during the braking operation using the finite element method. Currently, the conventional brake disc is used in the Peugeot 206 car (domestic production), which has low efficiency in terms of life, wear, etc. Therefore, in this research, considering the significant production of Peugeot 206 car in the country, the disc and brake pads of this car have been selected, which were first modeled by Catia software, and after transferring the model to Abacus software and defining the types of ceramics and Cast iron was analyzed by finite element method. Compared the results of the Peugeot 206 ceramic brake disc and pad analysis were with the results of the standard (cast iron) discs in this car. The results showed that the maximum von Mises stress in the ceramic disc was 260.7 MPa, while the maximum von Mises stress in the cast iron disc was 293.3 MPa. The amount of heat produced in the ceramic disc during the braking action in 4 seconds was almost 84% less than the cast iron disc in the same period. Also, the results showed that the ceramic disc has a higher safety factor (1.98) than the cast iron disc (1.45). Manuscript profile

CK45 steel is a suitable material for the manufacturing of forging dies. This paper investigates the influence of electrical discharge machining (EDM) parameters including voltage, current, on-time and off-time on the microstructure of the machined surface of this material. The process induces thermal stresses that in turn result in the generation of widespread micro-cracks on the surface of the part subjected to spark EDM. The influence of EDM parameters on the quality of the machined surface is explored by performing an extensive experimental program. The impact of EDM parameters on the surface roughness and the intensity of micro-cracks have been evaluated quantitatively using the test results and regression analysis. Predicting the relationship between EMD parameters and the surface quality provides practical means to appropriately decide on the adjustment of process control parameters to their optimum values and hence to achieve the desired surface quality at reasonable manufacturing times and cost. Manuscript profile

Titanium and its alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) are considered to be among the most promising engineering materials due to a unique combination of high strength to weight ratio, melting temperature, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Anodizing is one of the coating methods that increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance and provides better adhesion of paint primers mostly applied to protect Al, Ti, Mg, and their alloys. The novel Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) technique is gaining increased attention for depositing thick, dense, corrosion resistant, and hard ceramic coating on valuable metals (Al, Ti, and Mg). The aim of this research is a comparison between the corrosion behavior of anodized and plasma electrolytic oxidized Ti-6Al-4V at different voltages. The surface morphology, thickness, and phase composition of coatings were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The potentiodynamic polarization test was used to determine the corrosion behavior of the specimens. Results indicated that increasing of corrosion resistance by tests anodized sample at 50 V at 15 minutes and PEO sample at 375 V at 10 minutes. Manuscript profile

Over the last several decades, implants have been used to treat fractures and promote healing. The most important reason for deformation and shortening of the bone during healing due to loading on the nails is a lack of strength of the intramedullary nail. Materials with very fine grain dimensions are considered for such purposes. Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials have structural elements with very fine grain sizes. Several methods for producing UFG materials have been developed, one of which is the top-down approach, which refines coarse-grained metals via severe plastic deformation (SPD). The SPD technique has several advantages that set it apart from other methods of synthesizing. Two of the SPD methods used in this study were the repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) process and the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process on a 316L stainless steel rod. Mechanical tests were performed on the rods produced using these methods. Under loading, simulation results revealed that the bone implanted by the RCS rod has greater structural stiffness than the bone implanted by an ECAPed 316L stainless steel rod. Manuscript profile

The method of intramedullary nailing, which leads to the alignment of the diaphyseal broken bone, is one of the diaphyseal fractured bone healing novelties. The rods utilized must be strong enough to withstand the forces exerted by the transplanted bone. Today, various researchers are interested in using severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods to improve the mechanical characteristics of metals. One of the SPD procedures used in this study was repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) on a 316L stainless steel rod. After conducting mechanical characteristics tests on the rods produced using this approach, ABAQUS software was utilized to simulate the intramedullary nailing finite element method (FEM). The results of the experiments revealed that raising the number of pressing stages to eight significantly increases the hardness of the samples. The simulation findings revealed that the bone sample implanted by the rod manufactured by the aforementioned procedure has a higher structural hardness than the bone implanted by a basic 316L stainless steel rod under various stress conditions. Manuscript profile

In this research, surface composite layers containing nano sized TiB2, Al2O3-TiB2, ZrO2 and CNT particles have been fabricated on Aluminum alloy substrates by friction stir processing. The effects of different processing variables such as number of passes and strengthening particle distribution, hardness, and wear properties of surface nanocomposite layers have been evaluated by electron microscopy, hardness, and wear test. Results showed that surface properties of aluminum alloy will be enhanced and the optimum conditions of properties which can be determined by comparing the effects of different parameters will be obtained. An increasein the number of passes up to four modifies microstructure and accordingly mechanical and wear properties were enhanced.Surface composite produced by FSP significantly improved the dry sliding wear resistance of the Al 6061 alloy by changing the wear mechanism. The FSPed sample with Al2O3-TiB2 particles had higher wear resistance in comparison with those with TiB2, ZrO2 and CNT. This enhancement is a consequent of better bonding between particles and aluminum matrix and higher microhardness. Manuscript profile

فرآیند جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی یکی از فرآیندهای نوین در اتصال فلزات گوناگون در حالت جامد است. در این پژوهش اتصال همجنس و غیرهمجنس آلیاژهای آلومینیم 5754 و 6063 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. با تغییر پارامترهای سرعت دورانی و سرعت پیشروی، نهایتا بهترین سرعت دورانی 2000 دور بر دقیقه و سرعت پیشروی 4 میلی‌متر بر دقیقه انتخاب گردید. نمونه‌های جوشکاری شده توسط روش‌های بازرسی غیر مخرب از قبیل بازرسی چشمی و رادیوگرافی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و هیچگونه عیبی مشاهده نشد. در ادامه آزمون‌های استحکام کششی انجام شد که افزایش اندک در استحکام کششی این آلیاژها دیده شد. آزمون ریز سختی نیز بر روی نمونه‌ها صورت گرفت که در نتیجه‌ی ریز شدن دانه‌ها سختی اندکی کاهش پیدا کرد و نهایتا ریزساختار ناحیه اتصال توسط میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی روبشی مورد مشاهده و بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی‌های ریزساختاری محل شکست نمونه‌ها نشان داد که شکست نرم مکانیزم اصلی شکست در اتصال‌های همجنس و غیرهمجنس است. Manuscript profile