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Article
1 - High Levels of Sunflower Crushed in Diets for Feedlot Lambs Depress the Performance and Carcass Qualityای.ر. اُلیویرا جی.ر. گندرا ف.پ. مُنکااُ آ.م.آ. گابریئل آ.ر.م. فرناندز ر.اچ.ت. گواس م.جی. مورایس ای.ب. مونیز ت.ل. پریراRasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran , Issue 2 , Year , Spring 2018This study aimed to evaluate the performance, some carcass characteristics from feedlot lambs receiving sunflower crushed (SC) in the diet on partial replacement of soybean meal. The experimental design was randomized block with four levels of SC in the diet (0, 10, 20 MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the performance, some carcass characteristics from feedlot lambs receiving sunflower crushed (SC) in the diet on partial replacement of soybean meal. The experimental design was randomized block with four levels of SC in the diet (0, 10, 20 and 30% of dry matter (DM)). There was a linear reduction of 0.02; 0.003; 0.003 and 0.17% for each percentage unit of added SC in the diet, respectively, for the intake of dry matter, crude protein, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. There was a significant linear decrease of 0.15; 0.11 and 0.12% in slaughter weight, hot carcass and cold carcass, respectively, when increased 1% in the inclusion of SC in the diet. The use of SC did not influence the biological yield and characteristics of marbling, texture and color of the meat. The use of SC can be used in supplements for lambs in intensive production systems in partial replacement of soybean meal by up to 20%. Manuscript profile -
Article
2 - High Levels of Monensin to Mid Lactating Dairy Cows: Nutrient Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Protein SynthesisRasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran , Issue 2 , Year , Spring 2016The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of mid-lactating cows fed high dietary levels of monensin. Twelve Holstein cows were distributed into four 3 × 3 latin squares and assigned to th MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of mid-lactating cows fed high dietary levels of monensin. Twelve Holstein cows were distributed into four 3 × 3 latin squares and assigned to the following treatments: control (CON), monensin 24 (M24, addition of 24 mg monensin/kg diet DM) and monensin 48 (M48, addition of 48 mg monensin/kg diet DM). Dietary levels of monensin linearly decreased dry matter intake without altering the nutrient total apparent digestibility. Monensin linearly increased ruminal fluid pH and acetate concentration. Monensin quadratically affected ruminal total short chain fatty acids, propionate concentration, acetate and propionate production and acetate to propionate ratio. Furthermore, monensin linearly increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Manuscript profile -
Article
3 - Effects of Chitosan and Whole Raw Soybeans on Feeding Behavior and Heat Losses of Jersey Heifersاچ.م.سی. هراکی ج.ر. گاندرا ای.ر. اُلیویرا سی.اس. تاکیا ر.اچ.ت.ب. گواِس آ.م.آ. گابریل جی.سی.جی. رُدرگیوس ای.ر.اس. گاندرا ت.ل. پریرا جِی. دامیانی جِی.د.اُ. باتیستاRasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran , Issue 4 , Year , Summer 2018This study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and heat losses through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6±0.5 months and 139.50&plusm MoreThis study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and heat losses through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6±0.5 months and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight, mean±SD) were randomly assigned to a replicated latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 6 days of sampling and 5 days of wash out. The diets were: control (CO), chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan), whole raw soybeans (WS, 163.0 g/kg of WS on diet DM basis), and chitosan + whole raw soybeans (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (0.79 and 0.31 kg/d, respectively), increased the eating time (31.88 min) and decreased the NDF content of regurgitate rumen bolus (57 g). Whole raw soybeans did not affect feeding behavior, except for a higher time in standing rest. The association of CHI and WS increased the time which animal ruminated stand. The diets did not influence superficial temperature of heifers. However, WS diet increased heat losses by radiation and convection. The highest values of heat losses were observed after 2 hours of feeding. The interaction of CHI and WS did not alter feeding behavior and heat losses. Feeding WS to heifers increased the total heat losses. Manuscript profile -
Article
4 - Association of Biological and Chemical Additives on Nutrient Composition, Total Losses, Microbiological and Fermentative Profile of Sugarcane Silageاچ.ام.سی. اراکی ای.آر. د اُلیویرا جی.آر. گندرا آر.اچ. تی.بی. د گواِس سی.اس. تکیا آ.جی. جکواَنا کا.ام.پی. د اُلیویرا دی.ان. وسکواِس ان.آر. برندااُ کنسلو تی.آ. دل واله ان. دوآن اُرباچRasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran , Issue 5 , Year , Autumn 2017The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a bacterial inoculant and chemical additives on nutrient composition, in vitro degradation, total loss, aerobic stability, microbiological quality, and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Treatments were distri MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of a bacterial inoculant and chemical additives on nutrient composition, in vitro degradation, total loss, aerobic stability, microbiological quality, and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Treatments were distributed to forty-eight mini-silos in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two levels of microbial inoculant (INO, 0 or 4 g/t of fresh sugarcane and three chemical additives (CHE, CaO, NaCl and urea at 10 g/kg on as-is basis). The association of INO and urea had the highest values of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradation. Treatments with inoculant and chemical additives reduced the gas loss (g/kg as-is basis). The association of INO and CHE increased the amounts of lactic acid bacteria. The association of INO and CHE resulted in a synergetic effect to decrease ethanol production and to increase lactic acid production. Inoculant and CHE showed a positive synergetic effect on total losses, dry matter recovery, microbiological profile, and production of ethanol and lactic acid. Treatments containing urea had greater DM in vitro degradation and aerobic stability compared with the other chemical additives. The association of INO and CHE positively affected the chemical composition, in vitro degradation, total losses, aerobic stability, microbiological and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Manuscript profile -
Article
5 - Economic Feasibility of Producing Feedlot Lambs Fed on Sunflower Cakeف.پ. مونکائو ا.ر. داُلیویرا آ.م. دآرایوجو گابریل ج.ر. گاندرا ه.م.س. آراکی ف. دآلمیدا ناسیمنتو گ.س.گ. رودیگز ت.ل. پرییراRasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran , Issue 5 , Year , Autumn 2018This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of replacing soybean meal by sunflower cake in the diet of lambs. Twenty-eight non-castrated crossbred Suffolk lambs aged four months, with 21 kg average body weight ± 9 kg were used. These animals were distrib MoreThis study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of replacing soybean meal by sunflower cake in the diet of lambs. Twenty-eight non-castrated crossbred Suffolk lambs aged four months, with 21 kg average body weight ± 9 kg were used. These animals were distributed by weight category into 3 treatments (10, 20 and 30% dry matter (DM) addition of sunflower cake in replacing soybean meal) and control (without addition of sunflower cake) in a randomized block design with seven replicates. After 84 days of trial, the animals were slaughtered. By the cost of each diet and consumption of animals, the economic feasibility was calculated. The treatment with 10% sunflower cake showed better economic indicators, based on the highest net revenue for marketing live or slaughtered animals. The inclusion up to 10% sunflower cake in the diet of feedlot lambs increases the economic viability of the activity. Manuscript profile