With the recent advances in the application of biotechnology in various sciences, the preparation of liquid bio-formulations and microcapsule suspension/powder from the important antagonistic fungal agent Talaromyces flavus has been investigated in recent years. In the first year of this research, a type of liquid bioformulation, a type of microcapsule suspension, and a type of microcapsule powder were prepared for use in tomato greenhouses. During one year, commercial greenhouses were investigated in tomato greenhouses in two regions of Yazd and Isfahan with a history of Fusarium wilt disease. The treatments in each study of the commercial greenhouse were 1-3) each of the liquid formulations, microcapsule suspension, and microcapsule powder by soil application, 4-6) each of the liquid formulations, microcapsule suspension, and microcapsule powder with the tomato seedling root dip, 7) Talaromin fungicide by soil application, and 8) a control (without any formulation and fungicide application). The results indicated that all three formulations in both application methods (soil application or seedling root dip and seed impregnation for tomatoes and cucumbers, respectively) significantly increased the yield of tomatoes compared to the control. Altogether, microcapsule powder with seed impregnation and liquid formulation with soil application were the most effective treatments with approximately 50% and 60% increases in yield compared to the control, respectively, for the management of tomato Fusarium wilt disease. According to the obtained results, the production method of these formulations is considered technical knowledge, and it is possible to carry out their commercialization steps. Manuscript profile

Damping-off is actually a general term for several diseases with similar symptoms that attack new plant seedlings and are caused by several pathogenic soil fungi, including Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. In Iran, the damping-off disease of summer crops is known by the local names of dry green, scorching, and water-affected, and is a major disease of cucumbers, melons, watermelons, and pumpkins. This disease has been prevalent in all cultivation areas of these plants, including Khuzestan, Isfahan, Fars, Kerman, Jiroft, Tehran, Varamin, Saveh, Kashan, Lorestan, Qazvin, Hamadan, Khorasan, Bandar Abbas, Azerbaijan, and Mazandaran. Agricultural, chemical, and biological control methods are applied in the management of cucumber damping off. In general, a review of the research showed that the use of chemical and biological pesticides is a very suitable solution to control plant rot, because if it is not controlled in time, it can destroy the entire crop and cause irreparable damage to the greenhouse or farm owner. Manuscript profile