This scholarly inquiry engages Samuel Beckett's Molloy through the lens of Martha Nussbaum's Capability Approach, illuminating the intricate interplay between literature and ethics. Beckett's enigmatic narrative challenges conventional storytelling norms, prompting readers to grapple with ambiguity, uncertainty, and the multifaceted aspects of human experience. Nussbaum's framework, which evaluates well-being in terms of individual capabilities and freedoms, serves as a profound lens through which to dissect Molloy. The novel's protagonist, Molloy, embodies themes of agency, physical and emotional well-being, identity, and the quest for freedom in a fragmented world. Through introspective narratives, the protagonists confront existential uncertainty and the dissolution of self. The exploration of narrative language, parody, and intertextuality underscores the multifaceted nature of literary expression. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis showcases the power of literature to engage with complex ethical frameworks and shed light on the profound intricacies of the human condition. Manuscript profile

In this literary study, the aim is to unveil the secrets of the novel, Revolutionary Road, where a deep analysis of human experience in the face of social expectations is revealed. This literary research draws on the intertwining of Freudian and Virilian analyses to crystallize the global ancient struggle between individual aspirations and social principles. Beyond the confines of mid-20th-century America, the Revolutionary Road depicts a global stage where secretive movements, societal expectations, and relentless progress of modernity are exposed. Confronting these challenges, the present study emphasizes the need for individual awareness, critical thinking, and cultural exchange on the global stage. It underscores the importance of reconsideration in educational domains and determining policies in shaping individual will and independence. This interdisciplinary exploration emerges not only as literary research but also as an impactful call for global awareness and a self-aware society, manifesting itself on global levels. Additionally, it advocates for transformative changes in societal perspectives. Manuscript profile

This article offers a comparative analysis of the societal implications stemming from postmodern urbanization. It employs Asghar Farhadi's The salesman and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as dual narrative prisms, grounded in Paul Virilio's theoretical paradigm. The study intricately examines the interplay of technology, culture, and societal dynamics within evolving urban landscapes. Meticulously exploring this terrain, it uncovers the nuanced tension between tradition and modernity, shedding light on the erosion of traditional values in rapidly modernizing cities like Tehran and New York. Characters' responses lay bare the dissolution of familial bonds and shifting social roles, reflecting broader urban trends. Through the lens of Virilio's "critical space" concept, the investigation reveals the transformation of urban environments into "cities of the beyond," marked by a swift influx of information and communication technologies. Additionally, the research underscores the pivotal role of cultural production, spanning literature, art, and film, in revealing societal perspectives on postmodern urbanization. By dissecting the reverberations of these shifts, the study offers invaluable insights into potential policy interventions that promote sustainable, equitable, and innovative urban progress. This article provides a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted repercussions of postmodern urbanization, adeptly bridging literary works, theoretical constructs, and real-world societal dynamics. The urgency of comprehending the consequences of technology-driven urbanization resonates within Iran's post-war context and extends globally. The findings illuminate the intricate process of reconciling tradition with modernity, serving as a foundational basis for interdisciplinary research aimed at forging more inclusive and sustainable urban landscapes. Manuscript profile