Multipath cascaded single stage distributed power detector; analysis and design
Subject Areas : Electrical Engineering
Nader Javadifar
1
(Department of Electrical Engineering , Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul ,Iran)
Yaghoob Mohammadmoradi
2
(Department of Physics, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran)
Atila skandarnezhad
3
(Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran)
Keywords: distributed circuit, logarithmic amplifier, microwave, power detector, transmission line,
Abstract :
In this paper, a novel technique to improve the input dynamic range and bandwidth of the microwave power detectors (PDs) simultaneously is presented, which utilizes the piecewise linear approximation in conjunction with the distributed structure to achieve the goals. RF to DC conversion is proved for the proposed PD core, including only a MOS transistor that is capable to convert a part of its RF input signal to a DC value, proportional to the RF input power. This is an efficient method that requires less number of active devices and therefore saves more power consumption and active chip area, rather than the previous conventional methods. The analysis of circuit based on the transmission line theory is discussed and the transfer function is extracted mathematically for the proposed model. Moreover, a transistor level design is performed using a 0.15um pHEMT GaAs technology for 24GHz applications. The post layout simulation results are presented.
[1] Huggins, R. W. "Analytical fit of the transfer function of a logarithmic electrometer and correction for ambient temperature variations," Review of Scientific Instruments, 1973, Vol. 44, no.3, pp. 297–300.
[2] Meyer, R.: "Low power monolithic RF peak detector analysis," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1995, Vol. 30, no.1, pp. 65–67.
[3] Wilson, B., & Al-Gahtani, M. "Improved logarithmic converter based on a transconductance feedback amplifier," In the 2001 IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems ISCAS, Vol. 1, pp. 651–654.
[4] Rami, S., Tuni, W., and Eisenstadt, W.R. ‘Millimeter wave MOSFET amplitude detector’, IEEE Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF), 2010, pp. 84–87
[5] Huang, C., & Chakrabartty, S. "Current-input current-output CMOS logarithmic amplifier based on translinear Ohm’s law," Electronics Letters, 2011, Vol. 47, no.7, pp. 433–434.
[6] K. A. Townsend and J. W. Haslett, “A wideband power detection system optimized for the UWB spectrum”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 371–381, Feb. 2009.
[7] Barber, W. L., & Brown, E. R., "A true logarithmic amplifier for radar IF applications," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1980, Vol. 15, no.3, pp. 291–295.
[8] Wu, J., Hsu, K., Lai, W., To, C., Chen, S., Tang, C., and Juang, Y.: "A linear-in-dB radio-frequency power detector," IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), 2011, pp. 1-4.
[9] K. Kiela, M. Jurgo, and R. Navickas, “Design of a linear-in-dB power detector in 65nm CMOS technology”, ELEKTRONIKA IR ELEKTROTECHNIKA, 2013, Vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 91-94.
[10] Haynes, M.: "Wideband Monolithic SDLA Design Using InP DHBT Technology," IET Seminar on RF and Microwave IC Design, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[11] Kenneth A. Townsend, James W. Haslett, "A Wideband Power Detection System Optimized for the UWB Spectrum," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 44, No. 2, February, 2009.
[12] R. Michels, N. Scheinberg, J. Gluck, "An L-Band Temperature Compensated Ultra Low Power Successive Detection Logarithmic Amplifier," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 541-4, 1989.
[13] G. M. Gorman, A. K. Oki, E. M. Mrozek, J. B. Camou, D. K. Umemoto, and M. E. Kim, "A GaAs HBT Monolithic Logarithmic IF (0.5 TO 1.5 GHz) Amplifier with 60 dB Dynamic Range and 400 mW Power Consumption," IEEE MTT-S Digest, vol.2, pp. 537-540, 1989.
[14] R. S. Hughes, Logarithmic Amplification with Application to Radar and EW. Dedham, Artech House, 1986.
[15] P.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Chen, and C.-K. Wang, "A 2-V 10.7-MHz CMOS limiting amplifier/RSSI," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1474–1480, Oct. 2000.
[16] A. Hajimiri, "Distributed Integrated Circuits: An Alternative Approach to High-Frequency Design," IEEE Communication Magazine, 2002, Vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 168-173.
[17] Kambiz Moez and Mohamed Elmasry, "A Low-Noise CMOS Distributed Amplifier for Ultra- Wideband Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Vol. 55, no. 2, pp 126-130, Feb. 2008.
[18] A. Ghadiri and K. Moez, "Compact Transformer-Based Distributed Amplifier for UWB Systems," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II: Express Briefs, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 259-263, May 2011.
[19] Wai-Kai Chen, "Theory and design of distributed amplifiers," International Journal of Electronics, vol.26, no. 5, pp. 405-421, 1969.
[20] Kenji Kumabe and Hiroshi Kanbe, "GaAs travelling-wave amplifier," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 587-611, 1985.
[21] H. Wu and A. Hajimiri, "Silicon-Based Distributed Voltage Controlled Oscillator," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Mar. 2001.
[22] Aoki, I.; Kee, S.D.; Rutledge, D.B.; Hajimiri, A., "Fully integrated CMOS power amplifier design using the distributed active-transformer architecture," J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.37, no.3, pp.371-383, Mar. 2002.
[23] Valdes-Garcia, A., Venkatasubramanian, R., Srinivasan, R., Silva-Martinez, J., & Sinencio E. S. "A CMOS RF rms detector for built in testing of wireless transceivers," 23rd IEEE VLSI Test Symposium, doi:10.1109/VTS.2005.8.
[24] Yin, Q., Eisenstadt, W. R., Fox, R. M., & Zhang, T. (2005). "A translinear rms detector for embedded test of RF ICs," IEEE Trans. On Instrumentation and Measurement, doi:10.1109/TIM.2005.855105.
[25] H. Wu and A. Hajimiri, "Silicon-Based Distributed Voltage Controlled Oscillator," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Mar. 2001.
[26] Liang, J. Y. and C. S. Aitchison, "Gain Performance of Cascade of Single Stage Distributed Amplifiers," Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 15, July 1995, pp.1260-1261.
