Rosa damascena Miller essential oil standard of Iran- Test characteristics and methods-
Subject Areas : Phytochemistryکامکار جایمند 1 , Razieh Azimi Atergeleh 2 , mohammadbagher rezaee 3 , Zahra Behrad 4 , Fatemeh Sefidkon 5 , Somayeh Fekri Qomi 6 , Mahshid Rahimifard 7 , Mahdi yahyazadeh 8 , Najmeh Hadi 9 , Shahrokh Karimi 10
1 - عضو هیئت علمی موسسه مراتع و جنگلها
2 - Faculty member of research institute of forests and rangelands
3 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
5 - Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
6 - Department of Medicinal Plants and Byproducts Research, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran,
7 - Assistant Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
8 - Assistant Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
9 - Department Of Medicinal Plants and Byproducts Research, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
10 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran
Keywords: Rosa damascena Miller essential oil, standard, appearance characteristics, ester value, relative density, ,
Abstract :
Rose essential oil is an important product for various industrial applications. The quantity and quality of rose essential oil varies with the change of different factors such as the altitude, soil and climate conditions of the habitat, genetic changes, flower collection time, flower harvesting, and storage conditions. Therefore, the lack of standard indicators of essential oils causes confusion for the consumer industries in identifying the quality of essential oils produced and supplied by different companies. For this purpose, the standard of essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran was developed according to the principles and methods of ISO standard authorities, to know the range of changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of rose essential oil. The current standard is based on the Rosa damascena essential oil obtained by hydrodistilation of fresh flowers and determination of the sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of the rose essential oil. According to the standard of total rose essential oil, the appearance of rose essential oil is liquid and/or semi-solid, transparent to semi-transparent, and it is light yellow to pale green in color, and has a fresh rose scent and natural taste without any unnatural smell or taste caused by rotting, sourness and moldiness. The minimum and maximum values determined for the physical and chemical properties of Rosa damascena essential oil are: relative density at 25 ºC: 0.820-0.872, refractive index at 25 ºC: 1.4520-1.4650-, optical rotation at 25 ºC: (-7.0) - (-1.5), freezing point: 16-24 ºC, acid value: maximum 3.4, ester value: maximum 23.0, and average flash point 85 ºC. In the essential oil of Rosa damascena, the major compounds are citronellol (25-45%), nerol (1-10%), geraniol (10-25%), n-nonadecane (7-30%), nonadecene (1-5%), n-eicosane (0.1-3%), n-henicosane (2-8%), and n-tricosane (0.1-5%).
