Change in Physiological Characteristics, Amino Acids and Performance of Echinacea purpurea L. Under Brassinolide and Surfactant in Response to Drought Stress
Subject Areas : Environmental physiology
1 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Mahabad, Iran
Keywords: Essential Oil, Proline, Sarhargol, Soluble Sugars, Foliar Spraying,
Abstract :
Drought, one of the major ecological limiting factors, has a significant effect on the growth and secondary metabolic process of medicinal plants. Water stress reduces the size, density, leaf surface of the plant and reduces the biomass, and not only changes the plant structurally, but also leads to fluctuations in their secondary chemical compounds. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of using brassinolides and surfactant on drought stress tolerance on Sarkhargol medicinal plant at Islamic Azad University of Mahabad during 2016 - 2017. The studied factors include dryness at three irrigation levels of 70, 120 and 170 mm, evaporation from class A pan as the main factor, surfactant consumption at two levels (0 and 0.5 liters per hectare) and 24-epibrassinolide at three levels (0, 0.01 and 0.1 μmol) were as secondary factors. According to the results of the present study, drought stress had a decisive role in reducing the properties of Sarhargol medicinal plant, as well as the main effects of brassinolide, surfactant solution and drought stress according to the content of soluble sugars, proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, lysine and methionine. They had Due to the limitation of water resources, irrigation after 120 mm, use of brassinolide and surfactant can have a positive role in removing the damages of drought stress. In addition, brassinolide and surfactant led to increased tolerance to drought stress in Sarhargol medicinal plant, which led to relative resistance to drought and stability of the yield of dry matter of the plant and its essential oil.
References:
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Ferrel, R.E., Fellers, D.A. and Shepherd, A.D. (1969). Determination of free lysine and methio-nine in amino acid-fortified wheat. Cereal Chemistry. 46: 614–620.
Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.J.C. (2008). Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Fragr Journal. 23: 213–226. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1875.
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Ghilavizadeh, A., Hadidi Masooleh, E., Zakerin, H.R. and Valadabadi, S. A. (2021). Effect of drought stress and different concentrations of salicylic acid on yield, yield components and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Agroecology. 13(1): 89-101. DOI: 10.22067/jag.v12i3.77417
Gomes, F.P., Oliva, M.A., Mielke, M.S., Almeida, A.A.F. and Aquino, L.A. (2010). Osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation and cell membrane stability in leaves of Cocos nucifera submitted to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 126: 379–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.036.
Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M. (1992). Mineral element acquisition and growth response of plants grown in saline environments. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 38: 275–300. DOI: 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90151-Z.
Gupta, A., Rico-Medina, A. and Cano-Delgado, A.I. (2020). The physiology of plant responses to drought. Science. 368: 266–269. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7614
Haghighi, M., Saadat, Sh. and Abbey, L. (2020). Effect of exogenous amino acids application on growth and nutritional value of cabbage under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 272: 109561. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109561.
Heidari, N. (2015). Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, its parameters and relative water content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L. Journal Plant Resarch Iran Journal Biology. 27: 829–839.
Heidarpour, O., Esmaeeli pour, B., Soltani, A. and Khorramdel, S. (2020). Effect of vermicompost on morphophysiological, biochemical and yield characteristics of summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology. 12(3): 507-522. DOI: 10.22067/jag.v12i3.79634.
Hoekstra, F.A., Golovina, E. A. and Buitink, J. (2001). Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends Plant Science. 6, 431–438. DOI: 10.1016/S1360-1385(01)02052-0.
Hu, Y. and Schmidhalter, U. (2005). Drought and salinity: a comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal Plant Nutr Soil Science. 168: 541–549.
Hwang, M.N. and Ederer, G.M. (1975). Rapid hippurate hydrolysis method for presumptive identification of group B streptococci. Journal Clin Microbiology. 1: 114 LP – 115.
Iannucci, A., Russo, M., Arena, L., Di Fonzo, N. and Martiniello, P. (2002). Water deficit effects on osmotic adjustment and solute accumulation in leaves of annual clovers. European Journal of Agronomy. 16: 111–122. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00121-6.
Irigoyen, J.J., Einerich, D.W. and Sánchez‐Díaz, M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativd) plants. Physiology Plant. 84: 55–60.
Kage, H., Kochler, M. and Stützel, H. (2004). Root growth and dry matter partitioning of cauliflower under drought stress conditions: measurement and simulation. European Journal of Agronomy. 20: 379–394. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00061-3.
Khazaie, H.R., Nadjafi, F. and Bannayan, M. (2008). Effect of irrigation frequency and planting density on herbage biomass and oil production of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Industrial Crops and Products. 27: 315–321. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.11.007.
Khorasaninejad, S., Ahmadabadi, A.A. and Hemmati, Kh. (2018). The effect of humic acid on leaf morphophysiological and phytochemical properties of Echinacea purpurea L. under water deficit stress. Scieence Horticulturae. 239: 314-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.015.
Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A. and Pratt, P.F. (1983). Lithium, sodium, and potassium. Methods Soil Anal Part 2 Chem Microbiol Prop. 9: 225–246. DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c13.
Lošák, T., Hlušek, J., Filipčík, R., Pospíšilová, L., Maňásek, J., Prokeš, K., Buňka, F., Kráčmar, S., Mårtensson, A. M. and Orosz, F. (2010). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on metabolisms of essential and non-essential amino acids in field-grown grain maize (Zea mays L.). Plant, Soil Environment. 56: 574-579. DOI: 10.17221/288/2010-PSE.
Lum, M.S., Hanafi, M.M., Rafii, Y.M. and Akmar, A.S.N. (2014). Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. Journal Animal Plant Science. 24, 1487–1493.
Maia, J.M., De Macedo, C.E.C., Voigt, E.L., Freitas, J.B.S. and Silveira J.A.G. (2010). Antioxidative enzymatic protection in leaves of two contrasting cowpea cultivars under salinity. Biology Plant. 54:159–163. DOI: 10.1007/s10535-010-0026-y.
Maleki, M., Sobhanian, H., Yazdanpanah, E., Maleki, A. (2022). The effect of salicylic acid on the yield of vegetative organs and active ingredients of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 17(66):89-107. DOI: 10.30495/iper.2022.1952614.1773.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 27: 31–36. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5.
Omidbaigi, R. (2005). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Beh-Nashr: Mashhad 210–225.
Özdemir, F., Bor M, Demiral, T. and Türkan, İ. (2004). Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on seed germination, seedling growth, lipid peroxidation, proline content and antioxidative system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 42: 203–211. DOI: B:GROW.0000026509.25995.13.
Rampino, P., Pataleo, S., Gerardi, C., Mita, G. and Perrotta, C. (2006). Drought stress response in wheat: physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes. Plant Cell Environment. 29: 2143–2152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01588.x.
Rezaei Chiyaneh, E., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Golezani Ghassemi, K. and Delazar, A. (2013). Effect of irrigation treatments on yield and yield components of three fennel (Foenicolum vulgare L.) landraces. Journal Agriculture Science Sustain Prod. 22: 57–71.
Roje, S. (2006). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine: beyond the universal methyl group donor. Phyto. 67: 1686–1698. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.04.019.
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