Properties of essential oil of Salvia syriaca L. under different phenological stages and climatic conditions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Subject Areas : Genetic
fatemeh
Bagheri
1
(Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran)
mehrab
yadegari
2
(Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran)
Keywords: Medicinal plant, Vegetative stage, Reproductive stage, Cis- Thujone,
Abstract :
Since the quantity and quality of the active ingredients of medicinal plants are dependent on the genetic and environmental factors, this research was carried out in 2018 to investigate the effects of climatic changes and phenological stages on the quantity and quality of essential oils in Salvia syriaca L to introduce the most suitable phenological stage and region. The experimental design was randomized complete design in a factorial layout with 2 factors of phenological stages (vegetative, beginning of flowering, and full flowering stages) and regions (Shahrekord, Kouhrang, and Lordegan) with three replications. The essential oil content was determined by distilling tissues in Clevenger type apparatus. All the essential oil samples were injected into a GC–MS apparatus to determine their components. Results showed a significant effect of phenological stages and regions on the components of essential oils. The highest levels of essential oil compounds included Cis- Thujone (23.9-31.4%), Camphor (16.4-19.7%), Trans- Thujone (8.8-11.5%), and 1, 8-Cineole (8.43-12.1%). The results showed significant effects of phenological stages and regions on essential oil content and composition. The highest contents of essential oil were obtained from Kouhrang region and at beginning of flowering stage. The highest contents of volatile components such as α/β-Pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons) and Caryophyllene (sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) were obtained at the beginning of flowering stage. In addition, the amounts of volatile components and monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α/β-Pinene and Limonene of essential oils decreased from Kouhrang (temperate climate) to Lordegan (tropical climate) while the percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as Caryophyllene in the oils increased. To obtain more aromatic components of this plant, it is recommended to harvest plants in temperate climate and at the beginning of flowering stage.
Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy. Allured publishing Corp, Carol Stream, USA, p: 456.
Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. (2017). Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 42(6): 647–656.
Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. (2018). Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense L. produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products. 12(3): 251-262.
Azarnivand, H., Ghavam Arabani, M. and Sefidkon, F. (2010). The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(4): 556-571. (In Persian with English abstract).
Baczek, K., Kosavowska, O., Jaroslaw, L. and Przibil, Z. (2016). Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation. Herbal Botanica. 62(2): 7-16.
Chorli, S., Khorasani Nejad., Hemati., S. and Kashefi, B. (2016). The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi,and North Khorasan provinces. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 41 (11): 41-52. (In Persian with English abstract).
Figuieredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.C. (2008). Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Fragments. 23: 213-226.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of different populations of Stachys Lavandula folia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedical. 3(2):123-128.
Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnon Hoseini, N. and Chaee, M. (2006). Elevation effect on essential oil content and composition of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss in Taleghan region. Journal of Pajohesh and Sazandegi. 73: 2-10. (In Persian with English abstract).
Hemati, Kh., Hemati, N. and Ghaedi, A. (2015). Effects of habitate, root diameter and soil texture on secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in Khorasan Razavi province. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 39 (10): 1-10. (In Persian with English abstract).
Hemati, Kh., Ghasemnejad, A., Mashayekhi, K. and Bashiri Sadr, Z. (2012). Study of habitats effects on flavonoid component on Tilia platifolia L. Iranian Journal of Plant Researches. 19(2): 141-147. (In Persian with English abstract).
Jahantab, A., Sepehri, A., Mesdaghi, M. and Barani, H. 2014. Effect of topographical and climatic characters of density and top covering in Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. in Kohgiloyeh zone. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 36 (9): 1-9. (In Persian with English abstract).
Jamshidi, A., Aminzadeh, M., Azarnivand, H. and Abedi, M. (2006). Effect of elevation on quantity and quality of Thymus kotschyanus L. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 5(18): 17-22.
Javidnia, K. and Miri, R. (2003). Composition of the essential oil of Salvia syriaca L. ssp. orientale.Journal of Essential Oil Research. 15: 118-119.
Kalt, W. (2005). Effects of production and processing factors and major fruit and vegetables antioxidants. Journal of Food Science. 70: 11-19.
Kaghazloo, Z., Hemati, Kh. and Khorasaninejad, S. (2017). The effect of height on some secondary metabolites of different organs of Sambucus (Sambucus ebulus L.) in three cities of Golestan province. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 47 (12): 31-43. (In Persian with English abstract).
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Azizi, M. and Khazaei, H.R. (2011). Feasibility study for domestication of Teucrium polium L. based on ecological agriculture. Journal of Iranian Crop Research. 6(2): 395-404. (In Persian with English abstract).
Kremer, D., Matevski, V. and Dunkic, V. (2016). Essential oil contents and micro-morphological traits of Stachys iva and S.horvaticii Micevski (Lamiaceae). Records of Natural Products. 10(2): 228-39.
Maxwell, A. and Jones, P. (2007). Factors Affecting the Growth and Secondary Metabolism of Medicinal Plants. Mississippi State, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center. 5421 S Hwy 145, Verona, MS 38879.
Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. (2011). Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum Rech. in Golestan province, North of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2(2): 381-388. (In Persian with English abstract).
Mirza, M. (2002). Evaluation of quantity and quality of essential oil composition in Teucrium polium. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 37 (10): 200-213. (In Persian with English abstract).
Mohammadian, F. and Yadegari, M. (2015). Ecological diversity and phytochemical properties of Stachys pilifera in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. 4(10): 182-188.
Mozaffarian, V. (2008). A Pictorial Dictionary of Botanical Taxonomy Latin-English-French-Germany-Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Najar Firoozjaee, M., Hemati, Kh., Khorasaninejad, S. and Daraee garmekhani, A. (2014). Effect of elevation on morphological and biochemical characters of leaf of Utrica dioica L. in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 35 (3): 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract).
Omer, A. (2008). Effect of soil type and seasonal variation on growth, yield, essential oil and artemisin content of Artemisia annua L. International Research Journal of Horticulture. 1(1): 15-27.
Phirozjaee, M., Hemati, Kh., Khorasani nejad, S. and Garmekhani, A. (2014). Morphological and biochemical properties of leaves of Urtica dioica in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Iranian Journal of Eco-physiology Research. 35(9): 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract).
Reesi, Z., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. (2019). Effects of phenological stage and elevation on phytochemical characteristics of essential oil of Teucrium polium L. and Teucrium orientale L. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6 (1) 89-99.
Rezaloo, A., Rezaloo, K., Karimzadeh, Gh. and Omidbeigi, R. (2011). Evaluation of environmental characters on physico-chemical properties of Linum usitatissimum L. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 10(4): 34-42.
Safari, Kh., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. (2019). Effects of climate and soil properties on phytochemical characteristics of Ferulago angulate (Schltdl.) Boiss. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 9 (2): 2719-2726.
Sardrodi, A., Soleimani, A., Kheiry, A. and Zibaseresht, R. (2017). Essential oil composition of Achillea aucheri Boiss at different growing altitudes in Damavand, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 19: 357-364.
Sonboli, A., Kanani, M.R., Yousefzadeh, M. and Mojarad, M. (2008). Comparison between chemical components and antibacterial characters in essential oil of Salvia hydrangea L. in two various region. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8(2): 20-29.
Viljoen, A.M., Petkar, S. and Van Vuuren, S.F.A. (2006). Chemo geographical variation in essential oil composition and the antimicrobial properties of Mentha longifolia sub sp. polyadena in southern Africa. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 18: 60-65.
Yadegari, M. (2014). Foliar application effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 43(4): 417-424.
Yazdani, D., Jamshidi, A.H. and Mojab, F. (2002). Evaluation of essential oil and Menthol in Mentha piperita L. sowing in various regions in Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 3(21): 73-78. (In Persian with English abstract).
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Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy. Allured publishing Corp, Carol Stream, USA, p: 456.
Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. (2017). Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 42(6): 647–656.
Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. (2018). Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense L. produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products. 12(3): 251-262.
Azarnivand, H., Ghavam Arabani, M. and Sefidkon, F. (2010). The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(4): 556-571. (In Persian with English abstract).
Baczek, K., Kosavowska, O., Jaroslaw, L. and Przibil, Z. (2016). Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation. Herbal Botanica. 62(2): 7-16.
Chorli, S., Khorasani Nejad., Hemati., S. and Kashefi, B. (2016). The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi,and North Khorasan provinces. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 41 (11): 41-52. (In Persian with English abstract).
Figuieredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.C. (2008). Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Fragments. 23: 213-226.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of different populations of Stachys Lavandula folia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedical. 3(2):123-128.
Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnon Hoseini, N. and Chaee, M. (2006). Elevation effect on essential oil content and composition of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss in Taleghan region. Journal of Pajohesh and Sazandegi. 73: 2-10. (In Persian with English abstract).
Hemati, Kh., Hemati, N. and Ghaedi, A. (2015). Effects of habitate, root diameter and soil texture on secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in Khorasan Razavi province. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 39 (10): 1-10. (In Persian with English abstract).
Hemati, Kh., Ghasemnejad, A., Mashayekhi, K. and Bashiri Sadr, Z. (2012). Study of habitats effects on flavonoid component on Tilia platifolia L. Iranian Journal of Plant Researches. 19(2): 141-147. (In Persian with English abstract).
Jahantab, A., Sepehri, A., Mesdaghi, M. and Barani, H. 2014. Effect of topographical and climatic characters of density and top covering in Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. in Kohgiloyeh zone. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 36 (9): 1-9. (In Persian with English abstract).
Jamshidi, A., Aminzadeh, M., Azarnivand, H. and Abedi, M. (2006). Effect of elevation on quantity and quality of Thymus kotschyanus L. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 5(18): 17-22.
Javidnia, K. and Miri, R. (2003). Composition of the essential oil of Salvia syriaca L. ssp. orientale.Journal of Essential Oil Research. 15: 118-119.
Kalt, W. (2005). Effects of production and processing factors and major fruit and vegetables antioxidants. Journal of Food Science. 70: 11-19.
Kaghazloo, Z., Hemati, Kh. and Khorasaninejad, S. (2017). The effect of height on some secondary metabolites of different organs of Sambucus (Sambucus ebulus L.) in three cities of Golestan province. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 47 (12): 31-43. (In Persian with English abstract).
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Azizi, M. and Khazaei, H.R. (2011). Feasibility study for domestication of Teucrium polium L. based on ecological agriculture. Journal of Iranian Crop Research. 6(2): 395-404. (In Persian with English abstract).
Kremer, D., Matevski, V. and Dunkic, V. (2016). Essential oil contents and micro-morphological traits of Stachys iva and S.horvaticii Micevski (Lamiaceae). Records of Natural Products. 10(2): 228-39.
Maxwell, A. and Jones, P. (2007). Factors Affecting the Growth and Secondary Metabolism of Medicinal Plants. Mississippi State, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center. 5421 S Hwy 145, Verona, MS 38879.
Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. (2011). Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum Rech. in Golestan province, North of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2(2): 381-388. (In Persian with English abstract).
Mirza, M. (2002). Evaluation of quantity and quality of essential oil composition in Teucrium polium. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 37 (10): 200-213. (In Persian with English abstract).
Mohammadian, F. and Yadegari, M. (2015). Ecological diversity and phytochemical properties of Stachys pilifera in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. 4(10): 182-188.
Mozaffarian, V. (2008). A Pictorial Dictionary of Botanical Taxonomy Latin-English-French-Germany-Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Najar Firoozjaee, M., Hemati, Kh., Khorasaninejad, S. and Daraee garmekhani, A. (2014). Effect of elevation on morphological and biochemical characters of leaf of Utrica dioica L. in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 35 (3): 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract).
Omer, A. (2008). Effect of soil type and seasonal variation on growth, yield, essential oil and artemisin content of Artemisia annua L. International Research Journal of Horticulture. 1(1): 15-27.
Phirozjaee, M., Hemati, Kh., Khorasani nejad, S. and Garmekhani, A. (2014). Morphological and biochemical properties of leaves of Urtica dioica in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Iranian Journal of Eco-physiology Research. 35(9): 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract).
Reesi, Z., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. (2019). Effects of phenological stage and elevation on phytochemical characteristics of essential oil of Teucrium polium L. and Teucrium orientale L. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6 (1) 89-99.
Rezaloo, A., Rezaloo, K., Karimzadeh, Gh. and Omidbeigi, R. (2011). Evaluation of environmental characters on physico-chemical properties of Linum usitatissimum L. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 10(4): 34-42.
Safari, Kh., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. (2019). Effects of climate and soil properties on phytochemical characteristics of Ferulago angulate (Schltdl.) Boiss. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 9 (2): 2719-2726.
Sardrodi, A., Soleimani, A., Kheiry, A. and Zibaseresht, R. (2017). Essential oil composition of Achillea aucheri Boiss at different growing altitudes in Damavand, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 19: 357-364.
Sonboli, A., Kanani, M.R., Yousefzadeh, M. and Mojarad, M. (2008). Comparison between chemical components and antibacterial characters in essential oil of Salvia hydrangea L. in two various region. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8(2): 20-29.
Viljoen, A.M., Petkar, S. and Van Vuuren, S.F.A. (2006). Chemo geographical variation in essential oil composition and the antimicrobial properties of Mentha longifolia sub sp. polyadena in southern Africa. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 18: 60-65.
Yadegari, M. (2014). Foliar application effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 43(4): 417-424.
Yazdani, D., Jamshidi, A.H. and Mojab, F. (2002). Evaluation of essential oil and Menthol in Mentha piperita L. sowing in various regions in Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 3(21): 73-78. (In Persian with English abstract).
