Investigating the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (GA3 and 2, 4-D) on the Reduction of the Physiological Disease of Thomson-Novel Orange Fruit
Subject Areas : Geneticshahruz habibi 1 , ali ebadi 2 , alireza ladan moghadam 3 , siavash raytpanah 4
1 - گروه باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - Department agriculture
3 - Department horticultural and AGRONOMY
4 - agriculture
Keywords: Enzyme, citrus, superoxide dismutase, cellulase, herbal hormones,
Abstract :
Citrus is a major product of the gardens of the north of the country, and since oranges have better storage, they also have a larger share of the gardens. Oranges have a very good market and have a good market and have the highest production, but because it has thin navel and skin, it is sensitive to tension and has a physiological disorder Fruiting. In order to reduce this complication, a randomized complete block design with 2 and 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) at concentrations of 0-10 and 20 mg / L and gibberellic acid GA3 (with concentrations of 0- 50 and 100 mg / L at flowering time, petals fell immediately after the physiological fall of fruit for two consecutive years (2016-2017). In this experiment, the percentage of fruit grazing, fruit yield, fruit skin thickness, soluble solids, cellulase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were measured. Based on the results obtained from the comparison of the meanings, the maximum thickness of the fruit skin, soluble solids, performance and activity level of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, as well as the lowest activity of the enzyme cellulase
Akhlaghy Amiri, N., Arzany, K., Barzegar, M. and Asadi Kangarshahi, Ei. (2012). ValuationAuxin,Polygalacturonase, Cellulase on time june drupThomson-Novel Orange (Citrus sinensis) .Seventh'sHorticulture Science Meeting in Iran 14 to 17 September. Isfahan University of Technology.
Adney, B. and Baker, J. (1996). Measurement of cellulose activities. Chemical Analysis and Testing Task Laboratory Analytical Procedure.
Almela, V., Zargoza,S., Primi-Millo,E. and Agusti,M. (1994). Hormonal control of splitting in ‘Nova’ mandarin fruit. Journal Horticulture Science. 69:969–973.
Burns, J.K. (1997). Citrus fruit abscission. Citrus flowering and fruiting short courses, Citrus Research and Education Center Lake Alfred. Pp: 130 – 136.
Ghose, T.K. (1987). Measurement of cellulose activities. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 59 (2): 257-268.
Choudhary, H.D., Jain, M.C., Sharma, M.K. and Bhatnagar, P. (2013). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco.). The Asian Journal of Horticulture. 8(2): 746-750.
Cronge, P.J.R., Stander, O.P.J. and Theron. K.I. (2014). Fruit splitting in citrus. Horticulture Review. 41:177-200.
El-Kosavi S. (2009). Effect of NAA, GA3 and Cytophex spraying on samany and Zaghloul date palm yield, fruit retained and charasteristics. Journal of Horticulturae Science and ornamental Plants. 1: 49-59.
El-Mahdy, T.K., Mohamed, A.K. and Mohamed, N.I. (2010). Effect of flower thinning and spraying with gibberellic acid and ethephon on yield and fruit quality of manfalouty pomegranate cultivar. Assiut. Journal of Agriculture Science. 40(4):69-91.
FAO. (2016). Citrus fruit fresh and processed annual statistics.
Ferrante. A., Mensuali-Sodi, A. and Serra, G. (2009). Effect of Thidiazuron and Gibberellic acid on leaf yellowing of cut stock flowers. Cent Central European Journal of Biology. 4(4): 461–468.
García-Luis, A., Duarte, A.M.M., Kanduser, M. and Guardiola. J.L. (2001). The anatomy of fruit in relation to the propensity of citrus fruit to split. Horticulture Science. 71: 195–203.
Giannoplitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. (1977). Superoxide dismutase occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. 59: 309-314.
Guardiola, J.L. and García-Luis,A. (2000). Increasing fruit size in citrus, thinning and stimulation of fruit growth. Plant Growth Regulator. 31:121-132.
Halliwell, A. (1975). The Super Oxid Dismutase activity of Iron compelex FEBLEH. 56: 34.
Jimenez, A.G., Cressenkular, B.J., Fimin, S., Robinson, M., Verhoeyen, and Mullineaux, P. 2002. Changes in oxidative process and components of the antioxidant system during tomato fruit ripening Planta. 214: 751-758.
Khalil, H.A. and Aly, H.S. (2013). Cracking and fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as affected by pre-harvest sprays of some growth regulators and mineral nutrients. Journal Horticulturae Science Ornamental Plants. 5(2):71-76.
Khehra, S. and Bal, J.S. (2014). Influence of foliar sprays on fruit cracking in lemon. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 4(4): 124-128.
Mohamed A.K.A. (2014). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladinine (BA) on splitting and quality of Manfalouty pomegranate fruit. Assuit Journal of Agricultural Science. 35:11-21.
Mupambi, G. (2010). Studies to reduce the size of the Navel-end opening of Navel oranges. MSc Thesis, Univ. Stellenbosch, South Africa navel oranges. Plant Industry Series No.45. Science Bulletin No. 192. Government Printer Pretoria South Africa.
Sayed, R.A., Solaiman, B.M. and Abo-El Komsan, E.O. (2004). Effect of foliar sprays of some mineral nutrients, GA3 and or biostimulant on yield and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees grown in sandy soil. Egypt Journal Applied Sciences. 19(5):222-238.
Sekse, L., Bjerke, K.L. and Vangdal, E. (2005). Fruit cracking in sweet cherries An integrated approach. In IV International Cherry Symposium. 667: 471-474.
Yildirim, A.N. and Koyuncu, F. (2013). The effect of gibberellic acid applications on the cracking rate and fruit quality in the ‘0900 Ziraat’s weet cherry cultivar. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9(38):6307-6311.
Yilmaz C. and Ozguven A.L. (2015). Hormone physiology of preharvest fruit cracking in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Acta Horticulturae. 727:16.
Zhou, H.W., Sonego, L., Khalchitski, A., Ben-Arie, R., Lers, A. and Lurie, S. (2000). Cell wall enzymes and cell wall changes in Flavortop nectarines: mRNA abundance, enzyme activity, and changes in pectic and neutral polymers during ripening and in woolly fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 125:630-637.
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Akhlaghy Amiri, N., Arzany, K., Barzegar, M. and Asadi Kangarshahi, Ei. (2012). ValuationAuxin,Polygalacturonase, Cellulase on time june drupThomson-Novel Orange (Citrus sinensis) .Seventh'sHorticulture Science Meeting in Iran 14 to 17 September. Isfahan University of Technology.
Adney, B. and Baker, J. (1996). Measurement of cellulose activities. Chemical Analysis and Testing Task Laboratory Analytical Procedure.
Almela, V., Zargoza,S., Primi-Millo,E. and Agusti,M. (1994). Hormonal control of splitting in ‘Nova’ mandarin fruit. Journal Horticulture Science. 69:969–973.
Burns, J.K. (1997). Citrus fruit abscission. Citrus flowering and fruiting short courses, Citrus Research and Education Center Lake Alfred. Pp: 130 – 136.
Ghose, T.K. (1987). Measurement of cellulose activities. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 59 (2): 257-268.
Choudhary, H.D., Jain, M.C., Sharma, M.K. and Bhatnagar, P. (2013). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco.). The Asian Journal of Horticulture. 8(2): 746-750.
Cronge, P.J.R., Stander, O.P.J. and Theron. K.I. (2014). Fruit splitting in citrus. Horticulture Review. 41:177-200.
El-Kosavi S. (2009). Effect of NAA, GA3 and Cytophex spraying on samany and Zaghloul date palm yield, fruit retained and charasteristics. Journal of Horticulturae Science and ornamental Plants. 1: 49-59.
El-Mahdy, T.K., Mohamed, A.K. and Mohamed, N.I. (2010). Effect of flower thinning and spraying with gibberellic acid and ethephon on yield and fruit quality of manfalouty pomegranate cultivar. Assiut. Journal of Agriculture Science. 40(4):69-91.
FAO. (2016). Citrus fruit fresh and processed annual statistics.
Ferrante. A., Mensuali-Sodi, A. and Serra, G. (2009). Effect of Thidiazuron and Gibberellic acid on leaf yellowing of cut stock flowers. Cent Central European Journal of Biology. 4(4): 461–468.
García-Luis, A., Duarte, A.M.M., Kanduser, M. and Guardiola. J.L. (2001). The anatomy of fruit in relation to the propensity of citrus fruit to split. Horticulture Science. 71: 195–203.
Giannoplitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. (1977). Superoxide dismutase occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. 59: 309-314.
Guardiola, J.L. and García-Luis,A. (2000). Increasing fruit size in citrus, thinning and stimulation of fruit growth. Plant Growth Regulator. 31:121-132.
Halliwell, A. (1975). The Super Oxid Dismutase activity of Iron compelex FEBLEH. 56: 34.
Jimenez, A.G., Cressenkular, B.J., Fimin, S., Robinson, M., Verhoeyen, and Mullineaux, P. 2002. Changes in oxidative process and components of the antioxidant system during tomato fruit ripening Planta. 214: 751-758.
Khalil, H.A. and Aly, H.S. (2013). Cracking and fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as affected by pre-harvest sprays of some growth regulators and mineral nutrients. Journal Horticulturae Science Ornamental Plants. 5(2):71-76.
Khehra, S. and Bal, J.S. (2014). Influence of foliar sprays on fruit cracking in lemon. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 4(4): 124-128.
Mohamed A.K.A. (2014). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladinine (BA) on splitting and quality of Manfalouty pomegranate fruit. Assuit Journal of Agricultural Science. 35:11-21.
Mupambi, G. (2010). Studies to reduce the size of the Navel-end opening of Navel oranges. MSc Thesis, Univ. Stellenbosch, South Africa navel oranges. Plant Industry Series No.45. Science Bulletin No. 192. Government Printer Pretoria South Africa.
Sayed, R.A., Solaiman, B.M. and Abo-El Komsan, E.O. (2004). Effect of foliar sprays of some mineral nutrients, GA3 and or biostimulant on yield and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees grown in sandy soil. Egypt Journal Applied Sciences. 19(5):222-238.
Sekse, L., Bjerke, K.L. and Vangdal, E. (2005). Fruit cracking in sweet cherries An integrated approach. In IV International Cherry Symposium. 667: 471-474.
Yildirim, A.N. and Koyuncu, F. (2013). The effect of gibberellic acid applications on the cracking rate and fruit quality in the ‘0900 Ziraat’s weet cherry cultivar. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9(38):6307-6311.
Yilmaz C. and Ozguven A.L. (2015). Hormone physiology of preharvest fruit cracking in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Acta Horticulturae. 727:16.
Zhou, H.W., Sonego, L., Khalchitski, A., Ben-Arie, R., Lers, A. and Lurie, S. (2000). Cell wall enzymes and cell wall changes in Flavortop nectarines: mRNA abundance, enzyme activity, and changes in pectic and neutral polymers during ripening and in woolly fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 125:630-637.
