Adapting the institution of predictable breach of contract with the extended concept of obligation in the principles of jurisprudence.
Subject Areas : Principles of jurisprudenceAbbas Mirshekari 1 , amir javadi 2
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 - PhD student in Private Law, Varamin Branch Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
Keywords: Time, Termination, predictable breach of contract, obligee, extended obligation,
Abstract :
The theory of foreseeable breach of contract refers to a situation in which one of the parties, despite his observations and calculations, cannot reasonably wait for the other party to execute the contract. This theory is relevant in contracts that are subject to a certain period of time. In Iran's legal system, the theory of foreseeable breach of contract is not explicitly accepted, even in certain articles, it is practically not possible to propose such a theory. But since speed and security are one of the main elements in commercial contracts, the design of this theory in Iran's legal system allows the obligor not to wait for the obligee to fulfill his contractual obligations in case of excessive delay, and by planning this type of violation, he can have a suitable time to compensate for the lost time. Although there are obstacles for proposing this theory in every legal system, its acceptance can be much more practical. In the principles of jurisprudence, in a topic entitled extended obligation, it is mentioned to perform the duty within a certain period of time, and the basics of this obligation can be used in the theory of predictable violation. The most important question that we are trying to answer in this article is with what tool the theory of foreseeable violation can be justified in Iran's legal system. By providing this goal, we have progressed from the origin of this theory to its legal analysis.
1.اشراقی آرانی، مجتبی (1392). تحلیل حقوقی – اقتصادی پیش بینی نقض قرارداد. فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی، شماره 69، ص 65-79.
21.Chrles, M. (2008). Landmark cases in the law of contract, Hart publishing:Oxford and portland Oregon.
22.Franklin, M. (1956). Equity as Form: A Study of Frost v. Knight, Tulane Law Review, 30( 2).
23.Hochster v. De La Tour, 118 Eng. Rep. 922 (Q.B. 1853).
24.Robertson, D. (1959) the doctrine of anticipatory breach of contract, Louisiana law review, 20(1).
25.Rowley, K. (2001). A Brief History of Anticipatory Repudiation in American Contract Law, UNIVERSITY OF CLIV Law REVIEW, 69.
26.Vanwijck-A. (2001). Contravention Anticipee et Contrat a Livraisons Successives Dans La CVIM, International Business Law Journal, 3(4).
_||_1. Eshraghi Arani, Mojtabi (2012). Legal-economic analysis of contract breach prediction. Commercial Research Quarterly, No. 69, pp. 65-79.
2. Safai, Seyyed Hossein (2013). International sales rights. Third edition, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
3. Safai, Seyyed Hossein (2018). International law and international arbitration. Third edition, Tehran: Mizan Publications.
4. Safai, Seyyed Hossein (2015). Introductory course of civil law, general rules of contracts. Second volume, fourth edition, Tehran: Mizan Publications.
5. Allameh Heydari (1384). Principles of inference. Translator: Abbas Zareem, Hamid Masjid Saraei, 4th edition, Tehran: Islamic Law Publications.
6. Omid, Seyyed Omid al-Din bin Muhammad Araj Hosseini (1416). The wealth of benefits in solving grammar problems. 3 volumes, the third volume, the first edition, Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated to the Qom Theological Seminary Society of Teachers.
7. Alfat, Nematullah (2011). Evaluation of the theory of prediction of breach of contract from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law. Islamic Law Journal, ninth year, number 33, pp. 41-58.
8. Katouzian, Nasser (2015). Civil law in the current legal order. Thirteenth edition, Tehran: Mizan Publications.
17. Katouzian, Nasser (2018). General rules of contracts. Volume 4, 6th edition, Tehran: Publishing Company.
9. Kazemi Najafabadi, Abbas (1388). The history of the formation of the foreseeable violation rule in common law jurisprudence and its entry into domestic and international regulations. Journal of Judicial Law Perspectives, No. 46 and 47, pp. 143-163.
10. Mohagheq Damad, Seyyed Mustafa (2013). Principles of jurisprudence. Volume 1, 17th edition, Tehran: Islamic Sciences Publishing Center.
11. Ashrafi, Ahmed (2008). Time ownership. First edition, Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications.
12. Nikbakht, Hamidreza; Kazemi Najafabadi, Abbas (1390). Basics of the rule of foreseeable breach. Special Issue No. 6 of Legal Research Journal, pp. 43-65.
13. Zahouri, Samia (1401). Effects of exchange condition on acquisition contracts. Journal of Fiqh and Principles of Islamic Law, No. 69, Volume 18, pp. 115-135.
14. Banai Eskoui, Majid (1391). Forced and voluntary termination of the contract is not allowed. Civil Law Knowledge Quarterly, second issue, pp. 54-67.
15. Jurjani, Seyyed Amir Abul Fatah Hosseini (1404). Tafsir Shahi 2 volumes, first volume, first edition, Tehran: Navid Publishing House.
16. Hali, Ibn Idris, Muhammad bin Mansour bin Ahmad (1429). Answers to problems and messages in various knowledge techniques. First edition, Damascus: Al-Mukta Al-Awli.
17. Hali, Miqdad bin Abd Allah Seyuri (Bita). Translator: Bakshaishi, Abd al-Rahim Aqiqi, Kunz al-Irfan fi Fiqh al-Qur'an - translation, two volumes, first volume, first edition, Tehran: Passage Quds.
18. Hali, Ibn Idris, Muhammad bin Mansour bin Ahmad (1410). Al-Sara'er al-Hawi for Tahrir Al-Fatawi, 3 volumes, first volume, second edition, Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Theological Seminary Society.
19. Khorsandian, Mohammad Ali; Mohammadi Basir, Farhad (2016). The obligation to implement the same contractual obligations in Iranian law compared to modern private law documents. Jurisprudence Perspectives Journal, No. 79 and 80, pp. 34-56.
20. Shiravi, Abdul Hossein (1383). Cucumber excuse submission in Imami jurisprudence. Journal of Articles and Reviews, No. 76, pp. 21-43.
21. Charles, M. (2008). Landmark cases in the law of contract, Hart publishing: Oxford and Portland Oregon.
22. Franklin, M. (1956). Equity as Form: A Study of Frost v. Knight, Tulane Law Review, 30(2).
23. Hochster v. De La Tour, 118 Eng. Rep. 922 (Q.B. 1853).
24. Robertson, D. (1959) the doctrine of anticipatory breach of contract, Louisiana law review, 20(1).
25. Rowley, K. (2001). A Brief History of Anticipatory Repudiation in American Contract Law, UNIVERSITY OF CLIV LAW REVIEW, 69.
26. Vanwijck-A. (2001). Contravention Anticipee et Contrat a Livraisons Successives Dans La CVIM, International Business Law Journal, 3(4).
