ارتقاء مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب از طریق آموزش راهبردهای فراشناختی: تأثیر رشته تحصیلی و جنسیت
Subject Areas : آموزش زبان انگلیسی
1 - Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: جنسیت, رشته تحصیلی, آموزش راهبردهای فراشناختی, خواندن و درک مطلب,
Abstract :
تحقیق حاضربا هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش راهبردهای فراشناختی بر مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب دانشجویان سال اول در درس زبان عمومی انجام گرفت. آزمودنی‌ها شامل هشت گروه دانشجویان سال اول در قالب هشت کلاس هریک با حدود سی زبان‌آموز در چهار رشته تحصیلی مدیریت، روان‌شناسی، مهندسی مکانیک و مهندسی کامپیوتر بودند که به‌طور تصادفی به چهار گروه تحقیق و چهار گروه شاهد تعیین شدند. ابتدا با انجام آزمون استاندارسطح مبتدی و تحلیل نمرات این آزمون با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس، همگنی اولیه گروه‌ها در انگلیسی عمومی تأیید شده و سپس مطالب آموزشی یکسانی در همه گروه‌ها به مدت 6 جلسه تدریس شدگردید. در گروه‌های تحقیق یک جلسه کامل به تدریس صریح3 مجموعه راهبردهای فراشناختی و 5 راهبرد خواندن شامل درک کلیات متن، درک جزئیات متن، پیش‌خوانی مطلب، استفاده از نشانه‌های بافتی و استنتاج پرداخته شد. در طول شش جلسه آموزشی و حین تدریس فصل‌های مختلف کتاب نیز آموزش‌های مشابه و مختصری درابتدای هرجلسه و در حین انجام فعالیت‌های آموزشی با هدف ایجاد آگاهی فراشناختی در گروه‌های تحقیق انجام گردید. تحلیل داده‌های تحقیق حاصل از پس آزمون خواندن و درک مطلب نشان داد که آموزش راهبردهای فراشناختی در درس زبان عمومی توانسته بود خواندن و درک مطلب آزمودنی‌های مؤنث ومذکر را ارتقا بخشد. گرچه دانشجویان رشته کامپیوتر بالاترین میانگین را در آزمون پایانی کسب نمودند، ضریب تأثیر پایین نشانگرتأثیر جزئی رشته تحصیلی بر نتایج بود. معلمان و اساتید زبان، مؤلفان کتاب‌ها و مطالب آموزشی و مربیان می‌توانند نتایج تحقیق حاضررا مورد استفاده قرار دهند.
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