Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Micronutrients on Some Biochemical and Agronomic Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.’ Neptune Cultivar) under Water Deficit Stress
Subject Areas : Journal of Crop EcophysiologyYounes Mir 1 , Mashalah Daneshvar 2 , Ahmad Ismaili 3 , Hamed Khosravi 4
1 - Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان.خرم آباد. ایران
Keywords: Proline, Catalase, oil percentage, peroxidase,
Abstract :
To investigate the effect of soluble salicylic acid and micronutrient elements on some of the biochemical and agronomic characteristics of rapeseed under water deficit conditions studied in a split factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University during 2016-2017 growing season. Water deficit was considered as the main factor with two levels (irrigation at 20 (control) and 70% of field capacity depletion), and combined treatments of two factors of foliar application of micronutrient elements (non-consumption and spraying at a concentration of 2 per thousand) and salicylic acid concentration of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) as the subplot. The results showed that the effects of water deficit and salicylic acid on all traits under study were significant. The results showed that triple interaction was also significant on catalase, peroxidase. proline, oil percent, seed yield and oil yield. The highest average oil percentage, seed and oil yield were 46.02%, 4424 and 2036 kg.ha-1 of the treatment combination (no stress+ solubility of 1.5 mm salicylic acid and concentration of 2 per thousand micronutrient fertilizer). The results of this study, based on the changes in the mean, showed that salicylic acid and micronutrient elements reduced the effect of water deficit in canola seedlings. In general, Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to reduce the negative effects of water deficit stress and produce proper seed yield, by using Ferti Mix Trio fertilizer and 1.5mM salicylic acid under water deficit conditions.
Ahmadi Mousavi, A., Kh. Manuchehri Kalantari, and M. Torkzadeh. 2005. Effect of a type of brassinoid on accumulation of malondialdehyde, proline, sugar and photosynthetic pigments in canola (Brassica napus) under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Biology. 1: 295-306. (In Persian).
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition (2th ed). Brussels: International Zinc Association (IZA), 136p.
Ananieva, A.E., K.N. Christov, and L.P. Popova. 2004. Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid leads to increased antioxidant capacity in leaves of barley plants exposed to paraquat. Journal Plant Physiology. 161: 319-328.
2015. Rapeseed cultivation guidelines using French winter hybrid cultivars. Ministry of Agriculture. Print Agricultural Support Services Company. P. 23. (In Persian).
Anonymous. 2013. FAO. Food outlook. Global Market Analysis. Availablein: http://www. fao. Food outlook. com. (accessed march 2014).
Arora, A., R.K. Sairam, and, G.C. Srivastava. 2002. Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Current Sciences. 82: 1227-1238.
Baljani, R., and F. Shekari. 2012. The effect of pretreatment with salicylic acid on relationships of growth and yield indices in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under late-season drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 1(22): 1-17. (In Persian).
Bates, I.S., R.P, Waldern, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Journal Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
Bernal, M., R. Cases, R. Picorel, and I. Yruela. 2007. Foliar and root Cu supply affect differently Fe and Zn-uptake and photosynthetic activity in soybean plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 60: 145–150.
Bhardwaj, J., and S.K. Yadav. 2012. Comparative study on biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes in drought tolerant and a sensitive variety of Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum ) under drought stress. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 7(1): 17-29.
Breusegem, F.V., E. Vranova, J.F. Dat, and D, Inze. 2001. The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Sciences. 161: 405-414.
Cakmak, I., H.P. Wolfgang, and M.C. Bonnie. 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry. 87(1): 10-20.
Chance, B., and A.C. Maehly. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology. 2: 764-817.
Edvards, J., and K. Hartel. 2011. Canola growth and gevelopment. Department of Primary Industries, State of New South Wales Through, Sydney, Australia.
Fatahinejad, A., A.A. Siadat, M. Esfandiari, R. Moghadasi, and A.A. Moezzi. 2013. The Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on yield, oil and canola protein in dryland agriculture in different soil phosphorus groups. Journal of Crop Physiology. 18: 83-100. (In Persian).
Fathi Amir Khiz, K., M. Amini Dehghi, A. Modares sanavi, and Q. Rahmati. 2011. The effect of soil and leaf iron application on some biochemical properties of safflower (Carthamous tinctorius) under two moisture regimes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 48 (3): 509-518. (In Persian).
Gholinejad, A., A. Mirror Hassanzadeh, O. Bernousi, and H. Rezai. 2008. Investigation of the effect of drought stress with nitrogen levels and compaction on yield, yield components and harvest index of sunflower isoflor cultivar in Urmia. Journal of Crop Production Research. 16(3): 1-27.
Godarzi, A., F. Bazrafshan, M. Zare, H. Faraji, and A.R. Safahani Langeroodi. 2017. Studying the effect of drought stress on yield and physiological characteristics in genotypes of canola (Brassica napus L). Helix Scientific Explorer. 8: 1250-1258.
Hamrahi, S., D. Habibi, H. Civil, and M. Mashhadi Akbar Bujar. 2008. Effect of cycocel and micronutrients on antioxidant enzymes activity as drought resistance indices in rapeseed. Journal of Modern Agricultural Findings. 2(3): 316-329.
Hatamvand, M., M.T. Hassanloo, F. Dehghan Nairi, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2014. Effect of drought stress on catalase, peroxidase and leaf protein content of 3 rapeseed cultivars. 13th Iranian Conference on Agronomy and Plant Breeding and Third Conference on Seed Science and Technology. P. 3. (In Persian).
Hayat, Q., S. Hayat, M. Irfan, and A. Ahmad. 2005. Effect of exogenoussalicylic acid under changing Journal Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68(1): 14-25.
Hedayatpour, R., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, H.R. Khadem Hamza, and S.M. Morshedi. 2014. The effect of foliar application of Zn and Fe on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed Talaye cultivar in Zarghan area, Fars. Journal of Oilseed Production. 1(1): 43-33. (In Persian).
Heidari, M., and V. Karami. 2014. Effects of different mycorrhiza species on grain yield, nutrient uptake and oil content of sunflower under water stress. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 13: 9-13.
Janda, T.E., L. Kosa, G. Szalai, and E. Paldi. 2005. Investigatin of antioxidant activity of maize during low Temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 49: 53-54.
Kesavarz, H., and S.A.M. Modares sanavi. 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll, some growth characteristics and yield of two rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Crop Production. 7-4(39): 161-171. (In Persian).
Khan, W., B. Prithiviraj, and D. Smith. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology. 160: 485-92.
Malekuti, M.J., P. Kesavarz, and N. Karimian. 2008. Comprehensive method of diagnosis and optimal recommendation of fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. Page 755. (In Persian).
Manivannan, P., C.A. Jaleel, B. Sankar, A. Kishurekumar, R. Somasundaram, G.M. Lakshmanan, and R. Panneerselvam. 2007. Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in (Helianthus annuus ) asinduced by drought stress. Colloids and Surfaces, Biointerfaces.z 59: 141-149.
Neto, A.D., and E. Gomes Filo. 2005. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt tolerance and salt sensitive maize genotype. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56 (1): 87-94
Omidi, H. 2010. Changes of proline content and activity of antioxidative enzymes in two canola genotype under drought stress. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 5(6): 338-349.
Omidi, H., F. Movahadi, and S.H. Movahadi. 2012. The effect of salicylic acid and scarification on germination characteristics and proline, protein and soluble carbohydrate content of Prosopis (Prosopis farcta) seedling under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Range And Desert Research. 18: 608-623. (In Persian).
Omidian, A., S.A. Siadat, R. Naseri, and M. Moradi. 2013. Effect of zinc sulfate spraying on yield, oil content and seed protein of four rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Agricultural Science. 14(1): 16-28. (in Persian).
Paindeh, Kh., M. Majd, and N. drogar. 2018. Application of micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of canola in drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Physiology. 10(38): 23-37. (In Persian).
Pandey, N., G.C. Pathak, and C.P. Sharma. 2009. Impairment in reproductive development is a major factor limiting yield of black gram under zinc deficiency. Biology Plant. 53: 723-727.
Pennycooke, J.C., S. Cox, and C. Stushnoff. 2004. Relatioship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerace in petunia (Petinia hybrida). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 53: 225-232.
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Y. Emam, and A.R. Sepaskhah. 2015. Improving barley performance by proper foliar applied Salisilic acid under saline conditions. International Journal Plant Produose. 9(3): 467-486.
Ravi S., H.T. Channal, N.S. Hebsur, B.N. Patil, and P.R. Dharmatti. 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Karnataka Journal Agriculture Science. 32: 382-385.
Saeedi, A.H., and A. Sadeghi. 2008. Influence of some high and low nutrient elements on grain yield, oil content and other agronomic traits of two rapeseed cultivars in Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12(45): 88-78. (In Persian).
Yong, Z., T. Hao-Ru, and L. Ya. 2008. Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities of two strawberry cultivars with short-term low temperature stress. Agricultural Sciences. 4: 456-462.
Zarei, Z., J. Daneshian, and A. Khorgamy. 2016. Effect of Zinc and salicylic acid foliar application on quantitative and qualititative characteristics of soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 14: 723-734.
_||_Ahmadi Mousavi, A., Kh. Manuchehri Kalantari, and M. Torkzadeh. 2005. Effect of a type of brassinoid on accumulation of malondialdehyde, proline, sugar and photosynthetic pigments in canola (Brassica napus) under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Biology. 1: 295-306. (In Persian).
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition (2th ed). Brussels: International Zinc Association (IZA), 136p.
Ananieva, A.E., K.N. Christov, and L.P. Popova. 2004. Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid leads to increased antioxidant capacity in leaves of barley plants exposed to paraquat. Journal Plant Physiology. 161: 319-328.
2015. Rapeseed cultivation guidelines using French winter hybrid cultivars. Ministry of Agriculture. Print Agricultural Support Services Company. P. 23. (In Persian).
Anonymous. 2013. FAO. Food outlook. Global Market Analysis. Availablein: http://www. fao. Food outlook. com. (accessed march 2014).
Arora, A., R.K. Sairam, and, G.C. Srivastava. 2002. Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Current Sciences. 82: 1227-1238.
Baljani, R., and F. Shekari. 2012. The effect of pretreatment with salicylic acid on relationships of growth and yield indices in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under late-season drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 1(22): 1-17. (In Persian).
Bates, I.S., R.P, Waldern, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Journal Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
Bernal, M., R. Cases, R. Picorel, and I. Yruela. 2007. Foliar and root Cu supply affect differently Fe and Zn-uptake and photosynthetic activity in soybean plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 60: 145–150.
Bhardwaj, J., and S.K. Yadav. 2012. Comparative study on biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes in drought tolerant and a sensitive variety of Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum ) under drought stress. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 7(1): 17-29.
Breusegem, F.V., E. Vranova, J.F. Dat, and D, Inze. 2001. The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Sciences. 161: 405-414.
Cakmak, I., H.P. Wolfgang, and M.C. Bonnie. 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry. 87(1): 10-20.
Chance, B., and A.C. Maehly. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology. 2: 764-817.
Edvards, J., and K. Hartel. 2011. Canola growth and gevelopment. Department of Primary Industries, State of New South Wales Through, Sydney, Australia.
Fatahinejad, A., A.A. Siadat, M. Esfandiari, R. Moghadasi, and A.A. Moezzi. 2013. The Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on yield, oil and canola protein in dryland agriculture in different soil phosphorus groups. Journal of Crop Physiology. 18: 83-100. (In Persian).
Fathi Amir Khiz, K., M. Amini Dehghi, A. Modares sanavi, and Q. Rahmati. 2011. The effect of soil and leaf iron application on some biochemical properties of safflower (Carthamous tinctorius) under two moisture regimes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 48 (3): 509-518. (In Persian).
Gholinejad, A., A. Mirror Hassanzadeh, O. Bernousi, and H. Rezai. 2008. Investigation of the effect of drought stress with nitrogen levels and compaction on yield, yield components and harvest index of sunflower isoflor cultivar in Urmia. Journal of Crop Production Research. 16(3): 1-27.
Godarzi, A., F. Bazrafshan, M. Zare, H. Faraji, and A.R. Safahani Langeroodi. 2017. Studying the effect of drought stress on yield and physiological characteristics in genotypes of canola (Brassica napus L). Helix Scientific Explorer. 8: 1250-1258.
Hamrahi, S., D. Habibi, H. Civil, and M. Mashhadi Akbar Bujar. 2008. Effect of cycocel and micronutrients on antioxidant enzymes activity as drought resistance indices in rapeseed. Journal of Modern Agricultural Findings. 2(3): 316-329.
Hatamvand, M., M.T. Hassanloo, F. Dehghan Nairi, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2014. Effect of drought stress on catalase, peroxidase and leaf protein content of 3 rapeseed cultivars. 13th Iranian Conference on Agronomy and Plant Breeding and Third Conference on Seed Science and Technology. P. 3. (In Persian).
Hayat, Q., S. Hayat, M. Irfan, and A. Ahmad. 2005. Effect of exogenoussalicylic acid under changing Journal Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68(1): 14-25.
Hedayatpour, R., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, H.R. Khadem Hamza, and S.M. Morshedi. 2014. The effect of foliar application of Zn and Fe on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed Talaye cultivar in Zarghan area, Fars. Journal of Oilseed Production. 1(1): 43-33. (In Persian).
Heidari, M., and V. Karami. 2014. Effects of different mycorrhiza species on grain yield, nutrient uptake and oil content of sunflower under water stress. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 13: 9-13.
Janda, T.E., L. Kosa, G. Szalai, and E. Paldi. 2005. Investigatin of antioxidant activity of maize during low Temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 49: 53-54.
Kesavarz, H., and S.A.M. Modares sanavi. 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll, some growth characteristics and yield of two rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Crop Production. 7-4(39): 161-171. (In Persian).
Khan, W., B. Prithiviraj, and D. Smith. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology. 160: 485-92.
Malekuti, M.J., P. Kesavarz, and N. Karimian. 2008. Comprehensive method of diagnosis and optimal recommendation of fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. Page 755. (In Persian).
Manivannan, P., C.A. Jaleel, B. Sankar, A. Kishurekumar, R. Somasundaram, G.M. Lakshmanan, and R. Panneerselvam. 2007. Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in (Helianthus annuus ) asinduced by drought stress. Colloids and Surfaces, Biointerfaces.z 59: 141-149.
Neto, A.D., and E. Gomes Filo. 2005. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt tolerance and salt sensitive maize genotype. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56 (1): 87-94
Omidi, H. 2010. Changes of proline content and activity of antioxidative enzymes in two canola genotype under drought stress. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 5(6): 338-349.
Omidi, H., F. Movahadi, and S.H. Movahadi. 2012. The effect of salicylic acid and scarification on germination characteristics and proline, protein and soluble carbohydrate content of Prosopis (Prosopis farcta) seedling under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Range And Desert Research. 18: 608-623. (In Persian).
Omidian, A., S.A. Siadat, R. Naseri, and M. Moradi. 2013. Effect of zinc sulfate spraying on yield, oil content and seed protein of four rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Agricultural Science. 14(1): 16-28. (in Persian).
Paindeh, Kh., M. Majd, and N. drogar. 2018. Application of micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of canola in drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Physiology. 10(38): 23-37. (In Persian).
Pandey, N., G.C. Pathak, and C.P. Sharma. 2009. Impairment in reproductive development is a major factor limiting yield of black gram under zinc deficiency. Biology Plant. 53: 723-727.
Pennycooke, J.C., S. Cox, and C. Stushnoff. 2004. Relatioship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerace in petunia (Petinia hybrida). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 53: 225-232.
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Y. Emam, and A.R. Sepaskhah. 2015. Improving barley performance by proper foliar applied Salisilic acid under saline conditions. International Journal Plant Produose. 9(3): 467-486.
Ravi S., H.T. Channal, N.S. Hebsur, B.N. Patil, and P.R. Dharmatti. 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Karnataka Journal Agriculture Science. 32: 382-385.
Saeedi, A.H., and A. Sadeghi. 2008. Influence of some high and low nutrient elements on grain yield, oil content and other agronomic traits of two rapeseed cultivars in Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12(45): 88-78. (In Persian).
Yong, Z., T. Hao-Ru, and L. Ya. 2008. Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities of two strawberry cultivars with short-term low temperature stress. Agricultural Sciences. 4: 456-462.
Zarei, Z., J. Daneshian, and A. Khorgamy. 2016. Effect of Zinc and salicylic acid foliar application on quantitative and qualititative characteristics of soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 14: 723-734.
