The effect of energy type and source on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, blood lipid compositions and anti-inflammatory gene expression (Il-4) in broilers under heat stress
Subject Areas : animal physiologyNematollah Dayani 1 , Mohammad Chamani 2 , Parvin Shawrang 3 , Ali Asghar Sadeghi 4 , ASA Ebrahimi 5
1 - SRB-IAU
2 - IAUSRB
3 - AEOI
4 - IAUSRB
5 - SRB-IAU
Keywords: broiler, soybean oil, gene expression, interleukin-4, heat stress,
Abstract :
Aim: Different strategies were introduced in the poultry industry to overcome heat stress. Manipulation in the energy source and level is one of important practical issues. The effects of energy manipulation on antioxidant indices and blood parameters are of interest in research. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy source and level on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, blood lipid compositions, blood cell counts and interleukin-4 gene expression in broiler chickens under heat stress. Materials and Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n=450) were assigned to six treatments and five replicates in a completely random design. The chickens were exposed to heat stress from day 12 to the 42 of age and were fed with diets containing different energy source and level. The energy level were according to the standard of Ross strain, less or more, as: the control group (C): corn grain and standard level; T1: corn grain and 3% less energy; T2: corn grain and 6% less energy; T3: corn grain and soybean oil and standard level; T4: Corn grain and soybean oil and 3% more energy and T5: Corn grain and soybean oil and 6% more energy. Results: Energy restriction (6% less than standard) significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde level and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The highest plasma antioxidant capacity was observed in chickens receiving T3 and T4 diets. The lowest level of triglycerides was observed in the control group (C) and the highest level was observed in T1 and T2 groups. The lowest count of red and white blood cells was observed in chickens receiving the diet with 6% less energy level, and the highest count was observed in the chickens receiving soybean oil. A 3% decrease in the energy level of the diet increased the expression of the interleukin-4 gene, but chickens receiving 6% less energy had lower interleukin-4 gene expression than the control group. Increasing the energy level with the addition of soybean oil caused a non-significant decrease in the expression level of interleukin-4 gene. Conclusion: The recommended energy level for the Ross 308 strain worked best and the use of soybean oil (2% in the grower period and 4% in the finisher period) instead of a part of the corn grain had the best results in the current study.
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