Comparing the effects of cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) and lovastatin on sperm parameters in hyperlipidemic rats.
Subject Areas :
Hossein
Mostafavi
1
(Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan)
Mehdi
Eskandari
2
(Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran)
Farhad
Mohammadi
3
(Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran)
Received: 2023-08-01
Accepted : 2023-09-09
Published : 2023-10-23
Keywords:
Obesity,
Infertility,
sperm,
Cinnamon,
Abstract :
Background & aims: Increasing evidence indicates the detrimental effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia on sperm quality. The degree of reversibility of these quality changes in studies is different. One of the properties attributed to cinnamon in traditional medicine is to reinforce fertility. This study was designed to investigate the effect of cinnamon extract on sperm parameters in hyperlipidemia conditions.
Materials & methods: In order to conduct research, 36 male rats were allocated into six groups: control, model, vehicle, lovastatin, cinnamon with low dose (130 mg) and high dose (260 mg). Animals of all groups, except the control group, received high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Then the treated groups (groups 3 to 6) received their treatment intra-peritoneally for 6 weeks along with normal diet. At the end of the study, lipid profile and sperm parameters were evaluated.
Results: Cinnamon extract with a low dose was effective in reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride, and high dose of cinnamon was effective in reducing serum LDL. Using a high-fat diet had no effect on the number, motility and morphology of sperm, and pre-treatment with both doses of cinnamon extract had a decreasing effect on sperm count and had no effect on sperm motility and morphology.
Conclusion: It seems that cinnamon as a pre-treatment has beneficial and reducing effects on serum lipid profile. But in this study, cinnamon had no improving effects on sperm parameters in hyperlipidemic conditions. The difference between the obtained results and the results of previous studies needs further investigation.
References:
KH AM. Reproductive health, challenges and management strategies. women and familys socio-cultural council. 2014:64-9.
Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2015;13(1):37.
Vignera S, Condorelli R, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Diabetes mellitus and sperm parameters. Journal of andrology. 2012;33(2):145-53.
Morgan DH, Ghribi O, Hui L, Geiger JD, Chen X. Cholesterol-enriched diet disrupts the blood-testis barrier in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014;307(12):E1125-E30.
Zhou Q, Lei X, Fu S, Li Z, Chen Y, Long C, et al. Efficacy of cinnamon supplementation on glycolipid metabolism in T2DM diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in physiology. 2022;13:960580.
Keramati M, Musazadeh V, Malekahmadi M, Jamilian P, Jamilian P, Ghoreishi Z, et al. Cinnamon, an effective anti-obesity agent: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis. Journal of food biochemistry. 2022;46(8):e14166.
McBride J. Cinnamon extracts boost insulin sensitivity. Agricultural Research. 2000;48(7):21-.
Khan A, Safdar M, Khan MMA, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2003;26(12):3215-8.
Yüce A, Türk G, Çeribaşi S, Sönmez M, Çiftçi M, Güvenç M. Effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark oil on testicular antioxidant values, apoptotic germ cell and sperm quality. Andrologia. 2013;45(4):248-55.
Khaki A. Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicumon on Spermatogenesis. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2015;17(2).
Hammouda FM, Saleh MA, Abdel-Azim NS, Shams KA, Ismail SI, Shahat AA, et al. Evaluation of the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (fennel) fruits extracted by three different extraction methods by GC/MS. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2014;11(2):277-9. PMID: 25435608.
Ranasinghe P, Perera S, Gunatilake M, Abeywardene E, Gunapala N, Premakumara S, et al. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model. Pharmacognosy research. 2012;4(2):73-9. PMID: 22518078.
Mostafavi H, Hatami M, Alipour M, Mousavi S.S, H. F. Effect of cinnamon on antioxidant content and ZO-1 gene expression in brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats receiving high-fat diet. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2022:https://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1823-en.html.
Mirhadi K. Effect of Intraperitoneally Injection of Different Doses of Lovastatin on Pain and Inflammatory Response Induced by Formalin in Mice. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2011;6(4):160-5. https://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajavsp.2011.160.165.
Lutz TA, Woods SC. Overview of animal models of obesity. Current protocols in pharmacology. 2012;Chapter 5:Unit5.61. PMID: 22948848.
Momeni HR, Eskandari N. Effect of vitamin E on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in sodium arsenite-treated rats. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine. 2012;10(3):249-56.
Organisation WH. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction: Cambridge university press; 1999.
Hamad Zubi ZB, Hamad Alfarisi HA. Hyperlipidemia and male infertility. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2021;8(1):385-96.
Tuzcu Z, Orhan C, Sahin N, Juturu V, Sahin K. Cinnamon polyphenol extract inhibits hyperlipidemia and inflammation by modulation of transcription factors in high-fat diet-fed rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2017;2017.
Naderi G, Asgari S, Taher M, Gharipoor M, Nikkhoo N. Antioxidant effect of pimpinella anisum and cinnamomum zeylanicum on cell membrane of hepatocytes, LDL, and nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2003;7(1):e81201.
Sánchez-Rubio F, Fernández-Santos MR, Castro-Vázquez L, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Soler AJ, et al. Cinnamtannin B-1, a novel antioxidant for sperm in red Animal reproduction science. 2018;195:44-52.
Vafa M, Mohammadi F, Shidfar F, Sormaghi MS, Heidari I, Golestan B, et al. Effects of cinnamon consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients.
International journal of preventive medicine. 2012;3(8):531-6.
Yu T, Lu K, Cao X, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G, et al. The Effect of Cinnamon on Glycolipid Metabolism: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2023;15(13).
Silva ML, Bernardo MA, Singh J, de Mesquita MF. Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(13).
Rahman S, Begum H, Rahman Z, Ara F, Iqbal MJ, Yousuf AKM. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) as a lipid lowering agent on hypercholesterolemic rats. Journal of Enam Medical College. 2013;3(2):94-8.
Mollazadeh H, Hosseinzadeh H. Cinnamon effects on metabolic syndrome: a review based on its mechanisms. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2016;19(12):1258.
Nallella KP, Sharma RK, Aziz N, Agarwal A. Significance of sperm characteristics in the evaluation of male infertility. Fertility and sterility. 2006;85(3):629-34.
Stanworth RD, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Statin therapy is associated with lower total but not bioavailable or free testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2009;32(4):541-6.
Jones TH. Testosterone associations with erectile dysfunction, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. European Urology Supplements. 2007;6(16):847-57.
Kapoor D, Clarke S, Channer K, Jones T. Erectile dysfunction is associated with low bioactive testosterone levels and visceral adiposity in men with type 2 diabetes. International journal of andrology. 2007;30(6):500-7.
Mathew S, Abraham TE. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models. Food Chemistry. 2006;94(4):520-8.
Shalaby M, Mouneir SM. Effect of Zingiber officinale roots and Cinnamon zeylanicum bark on fertility of male diabetic rats. Global Veterinaria. 2010;5(6):341-7.
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KH AM. Reproductive health, challenges and management strategies. women and familys socio-cultural council. 2014:64-9.
Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2015;13(1):37.
Vignera S, Condorelli R, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Diabetes mellitus and sperm parameters. Journal of andrology. 2012;33(2):145-53.
Morgan DH, Ghribi O, Hui L, Geiger JD, Chen X. Cholesterol-enriched diet disrupts the blood-testis barrier in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014;307(12):E1125-E30.
Zhou Q, Lei X, Fu S, Li Z, Chen Y, Long C, et al. Efficacy of cinnamon supplementation on glycolipid metabolism in T2DM diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in physiology. 2022;13:960580.
Keramati M, Musazadeh V, Malekahmadi M, Jamilian P, Jamilian P, Ghoreishi Z, et al. Cinnamon, an effective anti-obesity agent: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis. Journal of food biochemistry. 2022;46(8):e14166.
McBride J. Cinnamon extracts boost insulin sensitivity. Agricultural Research. 2000;48(7):21-.
Khan A, Safdar M, Khan MMA, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2003;26(12):3215-8.
Yüce A, Türk G, Çeribaşi S, Sönmez M, Çiftçi M, Güvenç M. Effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark oil on testicular antioxidant values, apoptotic germ cell and sperm quality. Andrologia. 2013;45(4):248-55.
Khaki A. Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicumon on Spermatogenesis. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2015;17(2).
Hammouda FM, Saleh MA, Abdel-Azim NS, Shams KA, Ismail SI, Shahat AA, et al. Evaluation of the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (fennel) fruits extracted by three different extraction methods by GC/MS. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2014;11(2):277-9. PMID: 25435608.
Ranasinghe P, Perera S, Gunatilake M, Abeywardene E, Gunapala N, Premakumara S, et al. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model. Pharmacognosy research. 2012;4(2):73-9. PMID: 22518078.
Mostafavi H, Hatami M, Alipour M, Mousavi S.S, H. F. Effect of cinnamon on antioxidant content and ZO-1 gene expression in brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats receiving high-fat diet. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2022:https://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1823-en.html.
Mirhadi K. Effect of Intraperitoneally Injection of Different Doses of Lovastatin on Pain and Inflammatory Response Induced by Formalin in Mice. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2011;6(4):160-5. https://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajavsp.2011.160.165.
Lutz TA, Woods SC. Overview of animal models of obesity. Current protocols in pharmacology. 2012;Chapter 5:Unit5.61. PMID: 22948848.
Momeni HR, Eskandari N. Effect of vitamin E on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in sodium arsenite-treated rats. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine. 2012;10(3):249-56.
Organisation WH. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction: Cambridge university press; 1999.
Hamad Zubi ZB, Hamad Alfarisi HA. Hyperlipidemia and male infertility. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2021;8(1):385-96.
Tuzcu Z, Orhan C, Sahin N, Juturu V, Sahin K. Cinnamon polyphenol extract inhibits hyperlipidemia and inflammation by modulation of transcription factors in high-fat diet-fed rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2017;2017.
Naderi G, Asgari S, Taher M, Gharipoor M, Nikkhoo N. Antioxidant effect of pimpinella anisum and cinnamomum zeylanicum on cell membrane of hepatocytes, LDL, and nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2003;7(1):e81201.
Sánchez-Rubio F, Fernández-Santos MR, Castro-Vázquez L, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Soler AJ, et al. Cinnamtannin B-1, a novel antioxidant for sperm in red Animal reproduction science. 2018;195:44-52.
Vafa M, Mohammadi F, Shidfar F, Sormaghi MS, Heidari I, Golestan B, et al. Effects of cinnamon consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients.
International journal of preventive medicine. 2012;3(8):531-6.
Yu T, Lu K, Cao X, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G, et al. The Effect of Cinnamon on Glycolipid Metabolism: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2023;15(13).
Silva ML, Bernardo MA, Singh J, de Mesquita MF. Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(13).
Rahman S, Begum H, Rahman Z, Ara F, Iqbal MJ, Yousuf AKM. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) as a lipid lowering agent on hypercholesterolemic rats. Journal of Enam Medical College. 2013;3(2):94-8.
Mollazadeh H, Hosseinzadeh H. Cinnamon effects on metabolic syndrome: a review based on its mechanisms. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2016;19(12):1258.
Nallella KP, Sharma RK, Aziz N, Agarwal A. Significance of sperm characteristics in the evaluation of male infertility. Fertility and sterility. 2006;85(3):629-34.
Stanworth RD, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Statin therapy is associated with lower total but not bioavailable or free testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2009;32(4):541-6.
Jones TH. Testosterone associations with erectile dysfunction, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. European Urology Supplements. 2007;6(16):847-57.
Kapoor D, Clarke S, Channer K, Jones T. Erectile dysfunction is associated with low bioactive testosterone levels and visceral adiposity in men with type 2 diabetes. International journal of andrology. 2007;30(6):500-7.
Mathew S, Abraham TE. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models. Food Chemistry. 2006;94(4):520-8.
Shalaby M, Mouneir SM. Effect of Zingiber officinale roots and Cinnamon zeylanicum bark on fertility of male diabetic rats. Global Veterinaria. 2010;5(6):341-7.
