The effect of Endurance Training on Oxidative Stress Induced by Ischemia in Male Rat Heart
Subject Areas :
ali ojaghi
1
,
farshad ghazalian
2
,
Tohid Vahdatpour
3
,
Hossein Abednatanzi
4
,
Reza badalzadeh
5
1 - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azad University, Research Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azad University, Research Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, research &Science Branch, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, research &Science Branch, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, research &Science Branch, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Isoproterenol, HEART, Endurce Exercise, Oxidative stress, Ischemia,
Abstract :
Inroduction & Objective: Regular exercise reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, choosing the type and intensity of training as a suitable model for further effectiveness is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on oxidative stress induced by ischemia in male rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, thirty two male Wistar rats in the weight range of 220± 20g were used. After one week of adaptation to the new environment, mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): 1- Control group, 2- Isoproterenol group (ISO), 3- Endurance exercise group (EnEx) 4- Endurance exercise group + Isoproterenol (EnEx + ISO). EnEx and EnEx + ISO groups were undergoing endurance training for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week of training, Isoproterenol (85 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 2 consecutive days. Then, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with special kits. Results: Results showed that cardiac ischemia significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) as compared to control and exercise groups, while eight weeks of endurance training before ischemia increased antioxidant enzymes activity and decreased the level of MDA in comparison to ischemia group.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that endurance training can have a therapeutic effect against ischemia-related injuries by reducing oxidative stress and diminish ischemic heart disorders.
1.Aksoy, Y., Yapanoğlu,T., Aksoy, H., Demircan, B., Oztaşan, N., Canakçi, E. (2006). Effects of endurance training on antioxidant defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in testis of rats. Arch Androl, 52(4); 319-23.
2.Brown, D.A., Chicco, A.J., Jew, K.N., Johnson, M.S., LynchJatson, P.A., Moore, R.L. (2005). Cardioprotection afforded by chronic exercise is mediated by the sarcolemmal and not the mitochondrial, isoform of the KATP channel in the rat. J. Physiol., 569; 913-924.
3.Brown, DA., Jew, KN., Sparagna, GC., Mush, TI., Moore, RL. (2003). Exercise training preserves coronary flow and reduces infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in rat heart. J Appl Physiol., 95; 2510–8.
4.Badalzadeh, R., Tabatabaei, SM., Mohammadi, M., Khaki, A., Mohammadnezhad, D. (2017). Combined post conditioning with ischemia and cyclosporine-A restore oxidative stress and histopathological changes in reperfusion injury of diabetic myocardium. Iran J Basic Med Sci., 20(10); 1079-1087.
5.Badalzadeh, R., Mokhtari, B., Yavari, R. (2015). Contribution of apoptosis in myocardial reperfusion injury and loss of cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Sci., 65(3); 201-215.
6.Chen, Z., Siu, B., Ho, YS., Vincent, R., Chua, CC., Hamdy, RC. (1998). Overexpression of Mn SOD protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in transgenic mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol., 30; 2281–2289.
7.Coombes, JS., Powers, SK., Hamilton, KL., Demirel, HA., Shanely, RA., Zergeroglu, MA. (2000). Improved cardiac performance after ischemia in aged rats supplemented with vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 279; R2149–R2155.
8.Chaves, E. A., Pereira-Junior, P. P., Fortunato, R. S., Masuda, M. O., Campos de Carvalho, A. C., Pires de Carvalho, D. (2006). Nandrolone decanoate impairs exercise-induced cardioprotection: Role of antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 99; 223–230
9.Domenech, R., Macho, P., Schwarze, H., Sanchez, G. (2002). Exercise induces early and late myocardial preconditioning in dogs. Cardiovasc Res., 55; 561–6.
10.Doustar, y., Soufi, FG., Jafary, A., Saber, MM., Ghiassie, R. (2012). Role of four-week resistance exercise in preserving the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Cardiovasc J Afr., 23; 451-455.
11.Demirel, HA., Powers, SK., Zergeroglu, MA. (2001). Short-term exercise improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. J Appl Physiol., 91; 2205-
12.French, JP., Hamilton, KL., Quindry, JC., Lee, Y., Upchurch, PA. (2008). Powers SK. Exercise-induced protection against myocardial apoptosis and necrosis: MnSOD, calcium-handling proteins, and calpain. FASEB J., 22; 2862–2871.
13.Freimann, S., Scheinowitz, M., Yekutieli, D., Feinberg, MS., Eldar, M., Kessler-Icekson, G. (2005). Prior exercise training improves the outcome of acute myocardial infarction in the rat. Heart structure, function, and gene expression. J Am Coll Cardiol., 45(6);931-938.
14.Grans, CF., Feriani, DJ., Abssamra, ME., Rocha, LY., Carrozzi, NM., Mostarda, C. (2014). Resistance training after my ocardial infarction in rats: its role on cardiac and autonomic function. Arq Bras Cardiol., 103; 60–68.
15.Gaziano, T.A. (2008). Economic burden and the cost-effectiveness of treatment of cardiovascular disease in Africa. Heart., 94(2); 140-144.
16.Gomes, EC., Silva, AN., de Oliveira, MR. (2012). Oxidants, antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exercise-induced production of reactive species. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2012;756132.
20.Hausenloy, DJ., Yellon, DM. (2013). Myocardial ischemiare perfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest., 123(1); 92-100.
21.Hamilton, K. L., Staib, J. L., Phillips, T., Hess, A., Lennon, S. L., Powers, S. K. (2003). Exercise, antioxidants, and HSP72: Protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 34; 800–809.
22.John, C. (2013). Exercise and cardiac preconditioning against ischemia reperfusion injury. Current Cardiology Reviews, 9; 220-229.
23.Jerzy, A. (2016). Endurance training increases the efficiency of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol., 468; 1709–1724.
24.Kavazis, AN., Alvarez, S., Talbert, E., Lee, Y., Powers, SK. (2009). Exercise training induces a cardioprotective phenotype and alterations in cardiac subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial proteins. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol., 297(1); H144-H152.
25.Kloner, RA., Simkhovich, BZ. (2005). Benefit of an exercise program before myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol., 45(6); 939-940.
26.Kloner, RA., Simkhovich, BZ. (2005). Benefit of an exercise program before myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 45(6); 939-940.
27.Lee, I.M., Hsieh, C., Paffenbarger. R. (1995). Exercise intensity and longevity in men. The harvard alumni health study. JAMA., 273;11791184.
28.Lichan, T. (2015). Exercise training protects against acute myocardial infarction via improving myocardial energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 37; 162-175.
29.Lee, Y., Gustafsson, AB. (2009). Role of apoptosis in cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis, 14(4); 536-548.
30.Lennon, SL., Quindry, J., Hamilton, KL. (2004). Loss of exercise induced cardio protection after cessation of exercise. J Appl Physiol. 96; 1299-305.
31.Lennon, SL., Quindry, JC., French, JP. (2004). Exercise and myocardial tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion. Acta Physiol Scand., 182; 161-69.
32.Lekhi, C., Gupta, PH., Singh, B. (2007). Influence of exercise on oxidant stress products in elite Indian cyclists. Br J Sports Med., 41(10); 691-3.
33.Lee, Y., Min, K., Talbert, EE. (2012). Exercise protects cardiac mitochondria against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 44(3); 397-405.
34.Moran, M., Delgado, J., Gonzalez, B., Manso, R., Megias, A. (2004). Responses of rat myocardial antioxidant defences and heat shock protein HSP72 induced by 12 and 24-week treadmill training. Acta Physiol Scand., 180(2); 157-166.
35.Masprzy, K., Wudarczyk, B., Czyz, R., Szarpak, L., Jankowska-Polanska, B. (2018). Ischemic heart disease definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and treatment. Post N Med, (6); 358-360.
36.Moens, AL., Chaeys, MJ., Timmermans, JP., Vrints, CJ. (2005). Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, a clinical view on a complex patho physioligical process. Internatioanl Journal of Cardiology., 100; 179-190.
37.Merboven, V., Cuypers, A., Deluyker, D., Lambrichts, I., Bert O. (2019). High intensity training improves cardiac function in healthy rats. Scientific Reports., 9; 5612.
38.Ogonovszky, H., Sasvári, M., Dosek, A., Berkes, I., Kaneko, T., Tahara, S. (2005). The effects of moderate, strenuous and overtraining on oxidative stress markers and DNA repair in rat liver. Can J Appl Physiol., 30(2); 186-95.
39.Peer, PA., Trivedi, PC., Nigade, PB., Ghaisas, MM., Deshpande, A.D. (2008). Cardio protective effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss on isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats. International Journal of Cardiology, 126; 123-126.
40.Panda, VS., Naik, S. R. (2008). Cardio protective activity of Ginkgo biloba Phytosomes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats: a biochemical and histo archi tectural evaluation. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 60(4); 397–404.
41.Patel, V., Upaganlawar, A., Zalawadia, R. (2010). Cardioprotective effect of melatonin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic and histoarchitectural evaluation. Eur J Pharmacol, 644(1-3); 160-168.
42.Petra, A. (2017). Myocardial ischemic tolerance in rats subjected to endurance exercise training during adaptation to chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol, 122; 1452–1461.
43.Powers, SK., Quindry, J. C., Kavazis, A. N. (2008). Exercise-induced cardio protection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 44; 193–201.
44.Powers, SK., Demirel, HA., Vincent, HK. (1998). Exercise training improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Am J Physiol., 275; 1468-77.
45.Quindry, JC., Hamilton, KL. (2013). Exercise and cardiac preconditioning against ischemia reperfusion injury. Curr Cardiol Rev., 9(3); 220-229.
46.Quindry, JC., Hamilton, KL., French, JP. (2007). Exercise-induced HSP72 elevation and cardioprotection against infarct and apoptosis. J Appl Physiol, 103; 1056-62.
47.Quindry, JC., Schreiber, L., Hosick, P. (2010). Mitochondrial KATP channel inhibition blunts arrhythmia protection in ischemic exercised hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol., 299; H175-83.
48.Roberta, A., Gottlieb, MD. (2011). Cell death pathways in acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 16(3-4); 233-238.
49.Radak, Z., Zhao, Z., Koltai, E., Ohno, H., Atalay, M. (2013). Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal. 18(10); 1208-1246.
50.Robert, A., Kloner, B.Z. (2005). Benefit of an exercise program before myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(6); 2004.12.022
51.Rodrigues, F., Feriani, DJ., Barboza, CA., Abssamra, ME., Rocha, LY., Carrozi, NM. (2014). De Cardioprotection afforded by exercise training prior to myocardial infarction is associated with autonomic function improvement. BMC Cardiovasc Disord., 14; 84.
52.Shortreed, S. M., Peeters, A., Forbes, A. B. (2013). Estimating the effect of long-term physical activity on cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from the framing ham heart study. Heart, 99., 649–654.
53.Sen, C., Packer, L., Hänninen, O. (2000). Hand book of Oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. 1 st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science., 177-94.
54.Starnes, JW., Barnes, BD., Olsen, ME. (2007). Exercise training decreases rat heart mitochondria free radical generation but does not prevent Ca2+-induced dysfunction. J Appl Physiol., 102(5); 1793-1798.
55.Tong, TK., Lin, H., Lippi, G., Nie, J., Tian, Y. (2012). Serum oxidant and antioxidant status in adolescents undergoing professional endurance sports training. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 20(2); 239-251.
56.Valko, M., Klaudia J., Rhodes, Ch.J. (2016). Redox and non redox metal induced formation of free radicals and their role in human disease. Archives of Toxicology, 90(1); 1-37.
57.Yancy, WC., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B. (2013). ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the american college of cardiology foundation american heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation, 128(16); 1810–1852.
58.Zhou, R., Xu, Q., Zheng, P., Yan, L., Zheng, J., Dai, G. (2008). Cardio protective effect of fluvastatin on iso proterenol induced myocardial infarction in rat. European Journal of Pharmacology, 586; 244-250.
_||_
