Spatial distribution mapping of heavy metal pollutants in soils of different areas of Alborz Dam basin in Mazandaran

Subject Areas : Agriculture, rangeland, watershed and forestry

Ali Cherati araei ¹ , Behnoush Jafari Gorzin ² , Mohammad Ismaeil Kamali ³

1 - Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and EducationCenter, AREEO, Sari, Iran. [e-mail]
2 - Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management (Head),Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
3 - Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center

Received: 2022-08-30 Accepted : 2022-11-13 Published : 2025-01-16

Keywords: Soil quality, interpolation, Kriging, pollution,

Abstract :

انباشتگی فلزات سنگین در خاک یکی از چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی است که زندگی گیاهان، حیوانات و انسان‌ها را تهدید می‌نماید. در این تحقیق تهیه نقشه‌های پراکنش فلزات سنگین (کادمیم، سرب، نیکل، روی، آهن، منگنز و مس) و ارزیابی وضعیت آلودگی در اراضی زراعی حوضه زیر سد البرز در استان مازندران انجام شد. برای این منظور تعداد 215 نمونه خاک مرکب سطحی از عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متری تهیه گردید. مقدار عناصر کادمیم، سرب و نیکل با عصاره‌گیر Na2EDTA 05/0 مولار و مقدار سایر عناصر شامل روی، مس، آهن و منگنز قابل جذب با عصاره‌گیر DTPA عصاره‌گیری و با دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌ها، بهترین مدل نیم‌تغییرنما بر اساس کمترین مقدار خطای برازش انتخاب شد. نقشه‌های توزیع مکانی به روش کریجینگ معمولی در محیط GIS تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بهترین مدل‌های نیم تغییرنما برای داده‌های مورد بررسی، مدل‌های کروی و نمایی بوده است. میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین مضر گیاه شامل کادمیم، سرب و نیکل در خاک‌های منطقه به ترتیب 6/0، 5/11 و 9/4 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم می‌باشد که کمتر از حد اکثر غلظت مجاز است. میانگین غلظت سایر فلزات سنگین مورد نیاز گیاه شامل روی، مس، منگنز و آهن در خاک‌های منطقه به ترتیب 13/1، 9/3 و 8/14 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم می‌باشد که نه تنها کمتر از حد اکثر غلظت مجاز است بلکه در برخی مناطق کمبود عنصر روی و منگنز مشاهده شد. همبستگی بین سه عنصر کادمیم، سرب و نیکل معنی‌دار و مثبت بود. بین درصد آهک خاک با کادمیم، سرب، نیکل و روی ارتباط منفی و معنی‌دار وجود دارد. با افزایش آهک خاک، تحرک فلزات سنگین کادمیم، سرب، نیکل و روی به شدت کاهش یافته و موجب رسوب آنها در خاک می‌شود.

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