The relationship between ethical leadership, organizational identification and workplace spirituality with unethical pro-organizational behavior mediated by job satisfaction In the staff of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Subject Areas : Educational

seyedmohammadjavad mousani nia ¹ (Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran)
mostafa asheghi ² (industrial and organizational psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.)
abdulzahra naami ³ (Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)

Received: 2020-06-24 Accepted : 2020-10-19 Published : 2022-08-23

Keywords: organizational identification, workplace spirituality, Ethical Leadership, unethical pro-organizational behavior, Job satisfaction,

Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership, organizational identification and workplace spirituality with unethical pro-organizational behavior mediated by job satisfaction. The present study was a correlational study. The population of the present study included all the staff of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, from which 133 people were selected by stratified random sampling as a sample of the present study. The data collection instruments were Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Brown et al. (2005), organizational identification Questionnaire, Mael & Ashforth (1992), workplace spirituality Questionnaire Milliman et al. (2003), unethical pro-organizational behavior Questionnaire Umphress et al. (2010), and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire Barry Fieldworth (1951). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS version 23 and AMOS 23 software programs. Structural SEM confirmed the proposed model’s fitness. The results indicated a direct and indirect relationship of ethical leadership, organizational identification, and workplace spirituality through job satisfaction on unethical pro-organizational behavior.

References:

Abazari Mahmood Abad, Amirianzadeh, Mojgan. (2016) The Relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Commitment with Employee Organizational Citizenship Behavior. New Approach in Educational Management. 21; 7 (25): 119-44. [Persian]

Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34, 325–374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059.

Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: Conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134–145.

Balliet, D., Wu, J., & De Dreu, C. K. (2014). Ingroup favoritism in cooperation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1556–1581.

Bell, S. J., & Mengüç, B. (2002). The employee–organization relationship, organizational citizenship behaviors, and superior service quality. Journal of Retailing, 78, 141–146.

Beshlideh, Kioumars (2013). Research methods and statistical analysis of research examples with AMOS and SPSS in Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. [Persian]

Borman, W. C., Penner, L. A., Allen, T. D., & Motowidlo, S. J. (2001). Personality predictors of citizenship performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 52–69.

Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K., & Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134.

Chan Kim, W., & Mauborgne, R. (1998). Procedural justice, strategic decision making, and the knowledge economy. Strategic management journal, 19(4), 323-338.

Chen, M., Chen, C. C., & Sheldon, O. J. (2016). Relaxing moral reasoning to win: How organizational identification relates to unethical pro-organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(8), 1082–1096.

Crede, M., Chernyshenko, O. S., Stark, S., Dalal, R. S., & Bashshur, M. (2007). Job satisfaction as mediator: An assessment of job satisfaction’s position within the nomological network. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(3), 515–538.

Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and organizational transformation: Implications for the new management paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9(6), 17.

Effelsberg, D., Solga, M., & Gurt, J. (2014). Transformational leadership and follower's unethical behavior for the benefit of the company: A two-study investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(1), 81–93.

Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(7), 335–362.

Esmaeili Rad, Fatemeh (2013). Ethical Leadership and its Relationship with Organizational Commitment of National Bank Staff in Tehran. Islamic Azad university. North Tehran Branch. [Persian].                                    

Gatling, A., Kim, J., & Milliman, J. (2016). The relationship between workplace spirituality and hospitality supervisors’ work attitudes: A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 471–489.

Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (2006). The methods of quantitative and qualitative research in education sciences and psychology. Trans. Nasr AR, Abolghasemi M, Bagheri KH, Pakseresht MJ, Khosravi Z, Shahani Yeilagh M. 2nd ed. Tehran: Samt Publications.

Gavin, J. H., & Mason, R. O. (2004). The virtuous organization: The value of happiness in the workplace. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 379–392.

Ghosh, S. K. (2017). The direct and interactive effects of job insecurity and job embeddedness on unethical pro-organizational behavior: An empirical examination. Personnel Review, 46(6), 1182-1198

Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003a). Right from wrong: The influence of spirituality on perceptions of unethical business activities. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 85–97.

Grabowski, D., Chudzicka‐Czupała, A., Chrupała‐Pniak, M., Mello, A. L., & Paruzel‐Czachura, M. (2019). Work ethic and organizational commitment as conditions of unethical pro‐organizational behavior: Do engaged workers break the ethical rules? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(2), 193-202.

Graham, K., Ziegert, J., & Capitano, J. (2015). The effect of leadership style, framing, and promotion regulatory focus on unethical pro-organizational behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(3), 423–436.

Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Hogg, M. A., Cooper-Shaw, L., & Holzworth, D. W. (1993). Group prototypicality and depersonalized attraction in small interactive groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 452–565.

Leavitt, K., & Sluss, D. (2015). Lying for who we are: An identity-based model of workplace dishonesty. Academy of Management Review, 40, 587–610.

Miao, Q., Eva, N., Newman, A., Nielsen, I., & Herbert, K (2019). Ethical Leadership and Unethical Pro‐Organizational Behavior: The Mediating Mechanism of  Reflective Moral Attentiveness. Applied Psychology.

Mirzaei Tavakoli, Seyed Mansour, Shariatmadari, Mehdi. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Spirituality Workplace and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction of Staff Personnel Representative of the Supreme Leader in Universities. Management in Islamic University, 4 (9), 59-76. [Persian].

Nadi, & Mashayekhi. (2017) Analyzing the Relationship between Organizational Socialization, Leadership Behavior, organizational identification and Organizational Culture with Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Isfahan Education Staff. Applied Sociology, 28 (3), 153-176. [Persian]

Namazi Fatemeh, Ariani Vahid. (2019) Investigating the Relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Job Satisfaction with Regarding the Role of Job Stress Moderator (Case Study: Mehr Bank of Guilan Province). Modern Research Approaches to Management and Accounting. 9; 2 (5): 130-43. [Persian]

Nilipour Tabatabai, Biglari. (2014) The relationship between organizational identification, job satisfaction and citizenship behavior in nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 15; 3 (3): 61-7. [Persian]

Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. P. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Pawar, B. S. (2009). Individual spirituality, workplace spirituality and work attitudes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(8), 759–777.

Pawar, B. S. (2016). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical examination. Employee Relations, 38(6), 975–994.

Rego, A., & Pina, e, & Cunha, M. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75.

Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 358–384.

Schwarz, G., Newman, A., & Allen, B. (2014). The direct and interactive effects of ethical leadership and psychological capital on unethical pro-organizational behavior. Paper presented at the ANZAM Conference, Sydney, Australia.

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion‐centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Human Resources Management Review, 12(2), 269–292.

Townsend, J., Phillips, J. S., & Elkins, T. J. (2000). Employee retaliation: The neglected consequence of poor leader-member exchange relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(4), 457–463.

Umphress, E. E., & Bingham, J. B. (2011). When employees do bad things for good reasons: Examining unethical pro-organizational behaviors. Organization Science, 22, 621–640.

Umphress, E. E., Bingham, J. B., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Unethical behavior in the name of the company: The moderating effect of organizational identification and positive reciprocity beliefs on unethical proorganizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 769–780.

Yeganeh, Asad and Masoumeh Valizadeh, (2015). The Relationship between organizational identification and Job Satisfaction, Fourth International Conference on Psychology and Social Sciences, Tehran, Mehr-e-Eshraq, Iran. [Persian]

Yzerbyt, V., & Demoulin, S. (2010). Intergroup relations. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., pp. 1024–1083). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Zhang, S. (2018). Workplace spirituality and unethical pro-organizational behavior: The mediating effect of job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-19.