Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Develpoment using Chaotic Maps to Design of a Planar Microstrip Monopole Antenna
Vahid Hosseini
1
(
Computer Engineering Department, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran-1Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
)
Yousef Farhang
2
(
Department of Computer Engineering, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran
)
Kambiz Majidzadeh
3
(
Computer Engineering Department, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
)
Changiz Ghobadi
4
(
Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
)
Keywords: PSO, Chaotic Map, Monopole antenna, KEYWORDS: Optimization Algorithm, and GA,
Abstract :
This study uses a novel multi-objective optimization algorithm for designing a planar microstrip monopole antenna that meets specialized electromagnetic requirements. The algorithm incorporates a Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) with a Customized Mutated PSO (CM-PSO) algorithm, utilizing a hybrid chaotic function to evade trapping local minima and achieve anticipated results more rapidly than clasical PSO and GAs. The proposed metaheuristic algorithm has been successfully simulated and stabilized using Benchmark Functions (BFs) including Booth's function (BF), Rosenbrook's function (RoF), Ackley's function (AF), and Rastrigen's function (RaF) and its validity for electromagnetic applications is demonstrated by optimizing a planar microstrip monopole antenna. The algorithm allows customization of optimization criteria to achieve predetermined results for S_11 and resonance frequency. Indeed, S_11 is set to be less than -10 dB in the frequency band of 3.3 to 3.8 GHz and -40 dB at the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz with 5th generation telecommunication applications. In this research, MATLAB used to determine necessary parameter settings and the CST simulator software employed for high frequency and electromagnetic simulations. The dimensions of the antenna elements significantly impact the antenna's performance and are critical input parameters for the algorithm.
[1] M. Wetter and J. Wright, “A comparison of deterministic and probabilistic optimization algorithms for no smooth simulation-based optimization,” Building and Environment, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 989–999, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.022.
[2] S. Jin, H. Lee and J. Jeong, "Fast partial distortion elimination algorithm based on hadamard probability model," Electronics Letters, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 11-17, doi: 10.1049/el:20082872.
[3] Y. -C. Lin, M. Clauß and M. Middendorf, "Simple Probabilistic Population-Based Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 245-262, April 2016, doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2015.2451701.
[4] R. L. Haupt, "An introduction to genetic algorithms for electromagnetics," in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 7-15, April 1995, doi: 10.1109/74.382334.
[5] S. M. Mikki and A. A. Kishk, "Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for Electromagnetics," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2764-2775, Oct. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2006.882165.
[6] E. Boudaher and A. Hoorfar, "Electromagnetic optimization using mixed-parameter and multiobjective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1712–1724, 2015, doi: 10.1109/tap.2015.2398116.
[7] S. M. Mikki and A.A. Kishk, "Particle swarm optimization: A physics-based approach," Synthesis Lectures on Computational Electromagnetics, vol. 3, pp. 1–103, 2008, doi: 10.2200/s00110ed1v01y200804cem020.
[8] K. Kaboutari, A. Zabihi, B. Virdee and M. Salmasi, "Microstrip patch antenna array with cosecant-squared radiation pattern profile," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 106, pp. 82–88, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.05.003.
[9] M.H. Teimouri, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, K. Kaboutari, M. Shokri, B.S. Virdee, "Broadband printed dipole antenna with integrated balun and tuning element for DTV application,". AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 148, p. 154161, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154161.
[10] M. Shokri et al., "A Printed Dipole Antenna for WLAN Applications with Anti-interference Functionality," Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Hangzhou, China, 2021, pp. 1486-1494, doi: 10.1109/PIERS53385.2021.9694670.
[11] M. Hasan and H. Mouftah, "Optimization of watchdog selection in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 94–97, 2016, doi: 10.1109/lwc.2016.2633990.
[12] L. Cao, Y. Cai and Y. Yue, "Swarm Intelligence-Based Performance Optimization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 161524-161553, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951370.
[13] D. Cao, A. Modiri, G. Sureka and K. Kiasaleh, "DSP implementation of the particle swarm and genetic algorithms for real-time design of thinned array antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1170–1173, 2012, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2012.2220514.
[14] A. Modiri and K. Kiasaleh, "Modification of real-number and binary pso algorithms for accelerated convergence," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no.1, pp. 214–224, 2011, doi: 10.1109/tap.2010.2090460.
[15] F. Grimaccia, M. Mussetta and R. Zich, "Genetical swarm optimization: Self-adaptive hybrid evolutionary algorithm for electromagnetics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 781–785, 2007, doi: 10.1109/tap.2007.891561.
[16] A. Minasian and T. Bird, "Particle swarm optimization of microstrip antennas for wireless communication systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 6214–6217, 2013, doi: 10.1109/tap.2013.2281517.
[17] B. Tütüncü, "Compact low radar cross-section microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 61, pp. 2288–2294, 2019, doi: 10.1002/mop.31893.
[18] Z. Bayraktar, P. L. Werner and D. H. Werner, "The design of miniature three-element stochastic yagi-uda arrays using particle swarm optimization," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 5, pp. 22–26, 2006, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2005.863618.
[19] D. Ustun, A. Toktas and A. Akdagli, “Deep neural network–based soft computing the resonant frequency of E–shaped patch antennas,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 102, pp. 54–61, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.02.011.
[20] G. Singh and U. Singh, “Triple band-notched UWB antenna design using a novel hybrid optimization technique based on DE and NMR algorithms,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 184, p. 115299, 2021, doi :10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115299.
[21] W.T. Li, X.W. Shi, Y.Q. Hei, S.F. Liu and J. Zhu, "A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm and Its Application for Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3401–3406, 2010, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2010.2050425.
[22] V. Hosseini, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh and Ch. Ghobadi, “Customized mutated PSO algorithm of isolation enhancement for printed MIMO antenna with ISM band applications,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 145, p. 154067, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.154067.
[23] V. Hosseini, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh and Ch. Ghobadi, "Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for Design a Printed MIMO Antenna With n78–5G NR Frequency Band Applications," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 68231-68242, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3292307.
[24] V. Hosseini, F. Shapour, P. Pinho, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh, Ch. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, S. Barshandeh, M. Shokri, Zh. Amiri, M. Jalilirad and K. Kaboutari, “Dual-Band Planar Microstrip Monopole Antenna Design using Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization Algorithm,” Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Prague, Republic of Czech, 2023, doi: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221360.
[25] M. Masdari, S. Barshande and S. Ozdemir, "CDABC: chaotic discrete artifcial bee colony algorithm for multi level clustering in large scale WSNs," J Supercomput., vol. 75, pp. 7174–7208, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11227-019-02933-3.
[26] S. Barshandeh and M. Haghzadeh, "A new hybrid chaotic atom search optimization based on tree‑seed algorithm and Levy flight for solving optimization problems," Engineering with Computers, vol. 37, pp. 3079–3122, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00366-020-00994-0.
_||_[1] M. Wetter and J. Wright, “A comparison of deterministic and probabilistic optimization algorithms for no smooth simulation-based optimization,” Building and Environment, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 989–999, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.022.
[2] S. Jin, H. Lee and J. Jeong, "Fast partial distortion elimination algorithm based on hadamard probability model," Electronics Letters, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 11-17, doi: 10.1049/el:20082872.
[3] Y. -C. Lin, M. Clauß and M. Middendorf, "Simple Probabilistic Population-Based Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 245-262, April 2016, doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2015.2451701.
[4] R. L. Haupt, "An introduction to genetic algorithms for electromagnetics," in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 7-15, April 1995, doi: 10.1109/74.382334.
[5] S. M. Mikki and A. A. Kishk, "Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for Electromagnetics," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2764-2775, Oct. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2006.882165.
[6] E. Boudaher and A. Hoorfar, "Electromagnetic optimization using mixed-parameter and multiobjective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1712–1724, 2015, doi: 10.1109/tap.2015.2398116.
[7] S. M. Mikki and A.A. Kishk, "Particle swarm optimization: A physics-based approach," Synthesis Lectures on Computational Electromagnetics, vol. 3, pp. 1–103, 2008, doi: 10.2200/s00110ed1v01y200804cem020.
[8] K. Kaboutari, A. Zabihi, B. Virdee and M. Salmasi, "Microstrip patch antenna array with cosecant-squared radiation pattern profile," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 106, pp. 82–88, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.05.003.
[9] M.H. Teimouri, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, K. Kaboutari, M. Shokri, B.S. Virdee, "Broadband printed dipole antenna with integrated balun and tuning element for DTV application,". AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 148, p. 154161, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154161.
[10] M. Shokri et al., "A Printed Dipole Antenna for WLAN Applications with Anti-interference Functionality," Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Hangzhou, China, 2021, pp. 1486-1494, doi: 10.1109/PIERS53385.2021.9694670.
[11] M. Hasan and H. Mouftah, "Optimization of watchdog selection in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 94–97, 2016, doi: 10.1109/lwc.2016.2633990.
[12] L. Cao, Y. Cai and Y. Yue, "Swarm Intelligence-Based Performance Optimization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 161524-161553, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951370.
[13] D. Cao, A. Modiri, G. Sureka and K. Kiasaleh, "DSP implementation of the particle swarm and genetic algorithms for real-time design of thinned array antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1170–1173, 2012, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2012.2220514.
[14] A. Modiri and K. Kiasaleh, "Modification of real-number and binary pso algorithms for accelerated convergence," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no.1, pp. 214–224, 2011, doi: 10.1109/tap.2010.2090460.
[15] F. Grimaccia, M. Mussetta and R. Zich, "Genetical swarm optimization: Self-adaptive hybrid evolutionary algorithm for electromagnetics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 781–785, 2007, doi: 10.1109/tap.2007.891561.
[16] A. Minasian and T. Bird, "Particle swarm optimization of microstrip antennas for wireless communication systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 6214–6217, 2013, doi: 10.1109/tap.2013.2281517.
[17] B. Tütüncü, "Compact low radar cross-section microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 61, pp. 2288–2294, 2019, doi: 10.1002/mop.31893.
[18] Z. Bayraktar, P. L. Werner and D. H. Werner, "The design of miniature three-element stochastic yagi-uda arrays using particle swarm optimization," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 5, pp. 22–26, 2006, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2005.863618.
[19] D. Ustun, A. Toktas and A. Akdagli, “Deep neural network–based soft computing the resonant frequency of E–shaped patch antennas,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 102, pp. 54–61, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.02.011.
[20] G. Singh and U. Singh, “Triple band-notched UWB antenna design using a novel hybrid optimization technique based on DE and NMR algorithms,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 184, p. 115299, 2021, doi :10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115299.
[21] W.T. Li, X.W. Shi, Y.Q. Hei, S.F. Liu and J. Zhu, "A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm and Its Application for Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3401–3406, 2010, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2010.2050425.
[22] V. Hosseini, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh and Ch. Ghobadi, “Customized mutated PSO algorithm of isolation enhancement for printed MIMO antenna with ISM band applications,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 145, p. 154067, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.154067.
[23] V. Hosseini, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh and Ch. Ghobadi, "Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for Design a Printed MIMO Antenna With n78–5G NR Frequency Band Applications," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 68231-68242, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3292307.
[24] V. Hosseini, F. Shapour, P. Pinho, Y. Farhang, K. Majidzadeh, Ch. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, S. Barshandeh, M. Shokri, Zh. Amiri, M. Jalilirad and K. Kaboutari, “Dual-Band Planar Microstrip Monopole Antenna Design using Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization Algorithm,” Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Prague, Republic of Czech, 2023, doi: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221360.
[25] M. Masdari, S. Barshande and S. Ozdemir, "CDABC: chaotic discrete artifcial bee colony algorithm for multi level clustering in large scale WSNs," J Supercomput., vol. 75, pp. 7174–7208, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11227-019-02933-3.
[26] S. Barshandeh and M. Haghzadeh, "A new hybrid chaotic atom search optimization based on tree‑seed algorithm and Levy flight for solving optimization problems," Engineering with Computers, vol. 37, pp. 3079–3122, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00366-020-00994-0.
