Study on Effect of Chemical and Bio Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum)

Subject Areas : Soil science

Jafar Shahabifar ¹ (Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Division, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Areeo Qaznin, Iran)

Received: 2023-09-21 Accepted : 2024-01-28 Published : 2024-01-28

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Fertilizer recommendation, Inoculated Nitrogen ,

Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacterial chemical integrated feeding system on yield and yield components of wheat phonological growth stages. Treatments included: Two levels of bio fertilizers B1: Seed inoculation with bio fertilizer, B2: Sterile inoculated seed, three levels of N fertilizer N1: Nitrogen fertilizer application 20% less than recommended, N2: Nitrogen fertilizer equal to recommended, N3: Nitrogen fertilizer application was 20% more than recommended in 4 replications in a completely randomized block design. The results showed that using B2N2 treatment, grain yield was 16.14% and 16.36% higher than B2N1 and B2N3, respectively. By applying B2N2 treatment, 1000-grain weight was higher than B2N1 and B2N3 as 11.05% and 6.92%, respectively. Grain yield was increased with simple nitrogen fertilizer treatment by fertilizer application 20% less than recommended at 12.20% and by application of fertilizer by 20% higher than recommended by 16.67% which was significant. The effect of bio fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on bio farm inoculation and nitrogen application on sterile inoculation was quite noticeable. Therefore, bio farm fertilizer application and nitrogen fertilizer application are based on fertilizer recommendation to improve yield of wheat and its components. This highlights the importance of the bacterial chemical fusion system at different stages of wheat growth.

References:

1) داوران حق، الف. 1385. تأثیر باکتري آزوسپیریلیوم در کاهش کود نیتروژنه در ذرت دانه‌ای. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه تبریز.
2) حجتی پور، الف.، جعفری حقیقی، ب. و م، درستکار.1392. تاثیر تلفیق کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص های رشدی گندم. اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، 5(15)ص:36-48.
4) جعفرزاده کنارسری، م. و ع، ثابتی. 1392. بررسی اثرات تراکم کاشت، میزان و نحوه تقسیط کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم در شرایط فاریاب. یافته های نوین کشاورزی، 8(2 (30))، 135-147.
5) میرزاشاهی، ک.، اسدی رحمانی، ه.، خاوازی، ک. و م، افشاری. 1392. تاثیر دو نوع کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد گندم آبی در شمال خوزستان. پژوهش های خاک (علوم خاک و آب)، 27(2 الف)، 159-168.
6) Abdelaziz, M., Pokluda, R. and M, Abdelwahab. 2007. Influence of compost, microorganism and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essential oil production of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 35: 86-90.
7) Adediran, J., Taiwo, A.L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R. A. and O. J, Idowu. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27: 1163-1181.
8) Allison L.E. and Moodie C.D. 1965. Carbonate. In: "Methods of Soil Analysis", (2nd Eds.): Black C.A. Evans D.D. White L.J. Ensminger L.E. and Clark F.E. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 1379–1396.
9) Bashan, Y., Holguim, G. and L.E, De-Bashan. 2004. Azospirillum- plant relation: Physiological, molecular, agricultural and environmental advances. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 50: 521-572.
10) Bouyoucos, C.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 45: 464-465.
11) Engel, A., Bird, A., Hil, J. E., Horwath, W. R. and C, Kessel. 2001. Nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer use efficiency in rice following straw in corporation and winter flooding. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 93:1346-1354.
12) Hassanzadeh, E., Mazaheri, D., Chaichi, M.R. and K, Khavazi. 2006. Efficiency of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of barley cultivar (Karoon Dar kavir). Iranian J. Pazhouhesh and Ssazandegi. 77: 111-118.
13) Kader, M.A., Main, M.H. and M.S, Hoque. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. On Line Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 259-261.
14) Kazemi, N., and Zakeri, H. 2006. Tillage for sustainable cropping. Ilam University Press.
15) Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. In: Sparks D.L. (Ed.), Methods of soil Analysis-Part 3. Chemical Methods No. 5. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 869-919.
16) Mirzaei Heydari, M. A., Maleki, R. and D, Brookand. 2009. Efficienency of phosphorus solubilising bacteria and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat cultivar (chamran). Aspects of Applied Biology, 98: 189-192.
17) Murungu, F.S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafata, P., Clark, L.J., Whalley, W.R. and WE, Finch-Savage. 2004. Effects of on farm seed priming on consecutive daily sowing decisions on the amgen and Growth of the maize in Semi- Arid Zimbabwe. Field Crop Research, 89: 49-57.
18) Nelson, D.W. and L.E, Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 539–579. In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.Agron. Monogr. 9.
19) Noor Mohammad, G., Syadat, A. and A, Kashani. 2010. The first volume of cereal crops. Shahid Chamran University Publications. p. 25-33.
20) Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp. 1123–1184.
21) Yadav, K. S., Singh, D.P., Sunita, S., Neeru, N., Lakshminarayana, K., Suneja, S. and N, Narula. 2000. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on yield and nitrogen economy in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under field conditions. Environment and Ecology, 18: 109-113.
22) Zabihi, Hr., Savaghebi, GR., Khavazi, K. and A, Ganjali. 2009. Effect of application of Pseudomonas fluorescents on yield and yield Components of Wheat under different soil salinity levels. Journal of Water and Soil, 23 (1) 199-208.
23) Zahir, Z. A., Arshad, M. and W. T, Frankenberger. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: application and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81: 97-167.