An Investigation into Possible Sources and Health Risks of Phthalic Acid Esters in the Iranian Laminated Flexible Films

Subject Areas : food microbiology

M. Mizani ¹ (Associate Professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
F. Rasouli Ghahroudi ² (Ph. D. Graduated of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
A. Zulfiqar ³ (Factory Manager, Nestle Iran, Qazvin Factory, Iran.)
A. R. Milaninejad ⁴ (AG Specialist, Nestle Iran, Qazvin Factory, Iran.)
H. Khanlarloo ⁵ (AG Manager, Nestle Iran, Qazvin Factory, Iran.)

Received: 2018-11-12 Accepted : 2018-11-12 Published : 2019-01-01

Keywords:

References:

Bang, D. Y., Kyung, M., Kim, M. J., Jung, B. Y., Cho, M. C., Choi, S. M., Kim, Y. W., Lim, S. K., Lim, D. S., Won, A. J., Kwack, S. J., Lee, Y. K., Kim, H. S. & Lee, B. M. (2012). Human Risk Assessment of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Derived from Plastic Food Containers. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11, 453-470.

Borealis Group. (2016). Polypropylene products. Borealis’ Position on Phthalates in PP Catalysts. Vienna, Austria. www.borealisgroup.com.

Carlson, K. R. (2011). Final toxicity review for Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP). Contract No. CPSC-D-06-0006, Task Order 012. United States Consumer Product Safety Commission Bethesda, MD 20814.

Castle, L., Mayo, A. & Gilbert, J. (1989). Migration of plasticizers from printing inks into foods. Journal Food Additives and Contaminant, 6, 437-443.

Chadwick, J. C. (2009). Polyolefins - catalyst and process innovations and their impact on polymer properties; Macromolecular Reaction Engineering, 3, 428–432.

Danello, M. A. (2010). Toxicity Review for Di-n-butyl Phthalate (Dibutyl Phthalate or DBP). United States Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814.

Danello, M. A. (2010). Toxicity Review for Benzyl n-butyl Phthalate (Benzyl Butyl Phthalate or BBP). United States Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East West

Highway Bethesda, MD 20814.

Erickson, B. (2015). Pressure on plasticizers; CEN.ACS.ORG.

European Commission. (2013). Union Guidance on Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food as regards information in the supply chain. European commission; Health and Consumers Directorate-General Safety of the Food chains Innovation and Sustainability. Brussels. http://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/chemical_safety/food_contact_materials/legislation/index_en.htm.

European Chemical Agency (ECHA), (2017a). Candidate list of substances of very high concern for Authorization. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.

European Chemical Agency. (2017b). Authorization List, List of substances included in Annex XIV; https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list.

Jackson, R. A. Oldland, S. R. D. & Pajasczkowski, A. (1968). Diffusion of additives in polyolefins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 12, 1297-1309.

Limm, W. & Hollifield, H. C. (1996). Modelling of additive diffusion in polyolefins. Food Additives and Contaminants, 13, 949- 967.

Linskens, H. F. & Jackson, J. F. (1986). Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp: 104.

Mark, H. F. (2014). Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, 4^th Ed. Vol. 3, Wiley, England, pp: 498.

Mohan, T. P., George, A. P. & Kanny, K. (2012). Combined Effect of Isophthalic Acid and Polyethylene Glycol in Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymer on Thermal, Mechanical, and Gas Transport Properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 126(2), 536-543.

Montuori, P., Jover, E., Morgantini, M., Bayona, J. M. & Triassi, M. (2008). Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 25(4), 511-518.

Mortier, R. M. & Orszulik, S. (1995). Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants; Springer.

Park, J. & Rhee, S. (2010). A Study of Hybrid Drying Process to Improve Drying Speed and Electrical Conductivity for Roll-to-Roll Printing. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 49.

Piergiovanni, L., Patrizia, F.  & Alberto, S. (1999). Study of diffusion through LDPE film of Di-n-butyl phthalate. Food Additives and Contaminants, 16 (8), 353 -359.

Shamiri, A., Chakrabarti, M. H., Shah, J., Mohd, A. H., Kaminsky, W.,  Purushothaman, V. A.  & Wageeh, A. Y. (2014). The influence of Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene catalysts on polyolefin structure, properties, and processing ability. Materials, 7, 5069-5108.

Siegwerk. (2015). Know how: Printing inks for Food Packaging, Worldwide Regulations. https://www.siegwerk.com.

TCGR. (2017). Polyolefin Catalysts and Processes: Technological and Commercial Impacts on PE and PP 2015-2025; Study presentation; The Catalyst Group Resources; http://www.catalystgrp.com

Transparency Market Research. (2017). Plasticizers Market (Product - Phthalates, Non-phthalates, Aliphates, and Polymeric; Application - Wires & Cables, Floor Walls & Coverings, Consumer Goods, and Films & Sheets) - Global Industry Analysis Size Share Growth Trends and Forecast 2016 – 2024. https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/global-plasticizers-market.html.

Wypych, A. (2013). Plasticizers Data book. Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: The Tasks Ahead; Phthalate esters.  ChemTech Publishing. Toronto, Canada.

Zhang, X. & Chen, Z. (2014). Observing phthalate leaching from plasticized polymer films at the molecular level. Langmuir, 30, 4933−4944.