Analysis of the global market for pistachio production and export and evaluation of changes in the comparative advantage of Iranian pistachio exports
Subject Areas :
1 -
Keywords: Pistachio, production, export, market structure,
Abstract :
Introduction: One of the priorities of the Iranian economy has been to increase the share of non-oil exports and replace it with oil exports. Exports of agricultural products play a major role in non-oil exports, and pistachios are of particular importance.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, after examining and analyzing the status of pistachio production and exports in Iran and other countries, the comparative advantage of pistachio exports during the period 2008-2023 was calculated and analyzed. For this purpose, two indices of concentration ratios and Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) were used to find Iran's market power, and to examine the export advantage of pistachios among other agricultural products, the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed symmetrical comparative advantage (RSCA) indices were used.
Results and Discussions: The results showed that Iran's share of global production and exports has been declining during the period under review. In the last few years, it has lost its position as the largest pistachio exporter and has given its place to the United States. Regarding the calculation of the comparative advantage index, the results indicate the existence of comparative export advantages for Iran, the United States, and Turkey. It was also seen that the comparative advantage index of the United States and Turkey has grown significantly in recent years.
Conclusion: Despite the high comparative advantage that exists in Iran in terms of pistachio exports, the situation of pistachio production in Iran is not in a favorable trend, and it seems that if no solution is found to increase the area under cultivation or the production yield of this product, in the coming years Turkey, like the United States, will take Iran's place in the field of pistachio production and export.
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