Examining Identity-Normal Variables Affecting Iran-European Union Relations 2002-2020
Subject Areas : Political and International Researches Quarterly
مهدی اسکندریان
1
,
آرمین امینی
2
,
رضا شیرزادی
3
1 -
2 - دانشگا ه آزاد
3 - دانشگاه آزاد
Keywords: Iran, European Union, Norm, Identity, Nuclear Issue, Human Rights,
Abstract :
In this article, we will examine the identity and normative variables that influenced Iran-EU relations between 2002 and 2020. Accordingly, we seek to answer the question of how immaterial and identity variables affected Iran-EU relations between 2002 and 2020.The main hypothesis is that differences in attitudes between Iran and the European Union in the categories of politics and culture, and instances related to norms and values, and Europe's identity proximity to the United States have led to a greater impact of material variables such as the nuclear issue and economic interests on Iran-EU relations between 2002 and 2020. This issue led to a decline in relations between the two actors in various political, economic, and cultural fields, even raising human rights issues, and only in the period after the JCPOA agreement did relations improve somewhat due to the parties moving closer to the discourse of engagement and non-proliferation.
- سرخه، ابراهیم (1403) "جایگاه حقوق بشر در سیاست خاورمیانه ای اتحادیه اروپا" فصلنامه مطالعات بنیادین و کاربردی جهان اسلام، سال ششم، شمارۀ نوزدهم، بهار 1403.
- قامت، جعفر و محمدرضا پورقوشچی، (1395)، «پیامدهای توافق هسته ای بر روابط جمهوری اسلامی ایران و اتحادیه اروپا»، مطالعات روابط بین الملل، شماره 35.
- قائم پناه، صمد، (1397)، «بررسی روابط اتحادیه اروپا و جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دوره پسابرجام»، فصلنامه تخصصی علوم سیاسی، دوره 14، شماره 45.
- گلشن پژوه، محمودرضا، (1387)، پرونده هسته¬ای ایران(4)، رویکردها و نظرها، تهران: انتشارات موسسه فرهنگی مطالعات و تحقیقات بین¬المللی ابرار معاصرتهران.
- مشیرزاده، حمیرا، (1385)، «تحلیل سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران از منظر سازه¬انگاری»، مجری طرح نسرین مصفا؛ با همکاری حسین نوروزی، نگاهی به سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، تهران: مرکز چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امورخارجه.
- ونت، الکساندر، (1385)، «اقتدارگرايي چيزي است که دولتها خودشان میفهمند: ساختهای اجتماعی سیاست قدرت»، در: اندرو لينکليتر (ویراستار)، جامعه و همکاری در روابط بین‌الملل، ترجمه بهرام مستقیمی، تهران: انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.
- Adebahr, Cornelius, (2020), Europe Needs a Regional Strategy on Iran, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Alcaro, Riccardo, (2018), Europe and Iran’s Nuclear Crisis: Lead Groups and EU Foreign Policy-Making, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Ashton, Catherine, (2009), “Quiet diplomacy will get our voice heard”, Times (December, 17), pp. 1-2, Available at:http://www.timesonline.co.uk
- Balducci, Giuseppe, (2008), “Inside Normative Power Europe: Actors and Processes in the European Promotion of Human Rights in China”, EU Diplomacy Paper 8 (Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies).
- Checkel, Jeffrey T., (1998), “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory”, World Politics, Vol.50, No.2, pp. 324-348.
- Divsallar, Abdolrasol, (2019), “Reviving the Security Function: EU's Path to Save the JCPOA”, Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations, available at: https://www.academia.edu/39936508/Reviving_the_Security_Function_EUs_Path_to_Save_the_JCPOA
- Fiedler, Radosław, (2017), “European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran”, in: Ożarowski, R and Grabowski,W. (eds.), Political Dilemmas of the Arab and Muslim World, Warsaw: Rambler Press.
- Hopf, Ted, (1998), “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security, Vol. 23, No. 1.
- Katzman, K. (2018), “Iran: Politics, Human Rights, and U.S. Policy”, Congressional Research Service, March 26, available at:https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32048.pdf
- Kaya, Taylan Özgür, (2009), “Identifying the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy Roles”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Vol. 5, No. 17.
- Kim, Nam-Kook & Viviana Passoni (2010). “From Modern Power to a Postmodern Example: The Evolution of the European Union”, International Area Review, Vol. 13, No. 3.
- King, Toby, (1999), “Human Rights in European Foreign Policy: Success or Failure for Post-Modern Diplomacy?”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 10, No. 2.
- Lissner, Rebecca Friedman, (2017), “The National Security Strategy Is Not a Strategy”, Foreign Affairs, Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2017-12-19/national-security-strategy-not-strategy
- Manners, Ian, (2002), “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 40, No. 2.
- Manners, Ian, (2006), “European Union, normative power and ethical foreign policy”, In: David Chandler and Volker Heins (Eds), Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, possibilities and Paradoxes, New York: Routledge.
- Meier, Oliver, (2013), “European Efforts To Solve The Conflict Over Iran’s Nuclear Programme: How Has The European Union Performed?”, Non-Proliferation Papers, No. 27.
- Mix, Derek E. and Kenneth Katzman, (2017), Iran Policy and the European Union, Washington D.C.: Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
- Mousavian, S. Hossein, (2016), “EU–Iran Relations After Brexit”, Survival, Vol. 58, No. 5.
- Onuf, Nicholas G., (1994), “The Constitution of International Socity”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 5, No. 1.
- Parsi, Rouzbeh and Dina Esfandiary, (2016), “An EU Strategy for relations with Iran after the nuclear deal”, European Iran Research Group (Policy Department, Directorate-General for External Policies), No. June-PE578.005.
- Pillar, Paul R., (2017), “America Alone”, The National Interest, Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/america-alone-23726
- Pinto, M. C., (2021), “Sanctioning Iran: US‐European disputes over policy towards Iran”, The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 36, No. 2.
- Tarock, A., (2016), “The Iran nuclear deal: winning a little, losing a lot”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 8.
- US NSS, (2017), National Security Strategy of the United States, Washington, DC: The White House.
- Zielonka, Jan, (2012), “The Ideology of Empire: the EU’s Normative Power Discourse”, Dahrendorf Symposia Series 2012-05, Available at:www.dahrendorf-symposium.eu%2Ffileadmin%2FContent_Images%2 FPapers%2FDahrendorf_Symposia_Series%2FDahrendorf_Symposia_Series_2012_05.pdf
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/united-states/2023
-JOINT EU-US ACTION TO ADDRESS GLOBAL CHALLENGES https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2024/EU_US_2024.pdf
