Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Building Violations and Land Use Using Spatial Statistics (Case Study: Ardabil City, 2021-2022)

Roya Moghabeli ¹ ( Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran )
Alireza Mohammadi ² ( Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran )
Mohammad Hassan Yazdani ³ ( Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. )

Submited date : 2024-12-07 Accepted date : 2025-03-04

Keywords: Spatial-Temporal Analysis, Municipality Article 100 Commission, Geographic Information System, Ardabil City,

Abstract :

Building violations arising from non-compliance with urban planning regulations have increasingly expanded in cities, becoming a significant challenge for urban management. Currently, there are no effective measures in place to control these issues. This study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of building violations occurring between 2021 and 2022 in Ardabil city. The goal is to support improved urban planning and policymaking by examining these violations. This research is applied and descriptive-analytical, employing spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the analysis. The study's sample includes 23,897 building violations recorded by the Article 100 Commission of the Ardabil Municipality, spanning the city’s five districts. To identify and understand the spatial patterns of these violations, various GIS-based techniques such as nearest neighbor analysis, mean center, standard deviational ellipse, hot spot analysis, global Moran's index, and kernel density estimation are used. The primary focus of this research is the spatial distribution of the number and frequency of recorded building violations. The results demonstrate that these violations are significantly clustered in the central and southern areas of Ardabil, particularly in districts 2 and 3, which are more financially affluent than other regions. The findings suggest that reducing building violations and enhancing urban management require more precise planning and stronger oversight of construction activities.

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