Investigating the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the edible film based on whey protein-gelatin containing Tragopogon Graminifolius extract.
elham ahmadi
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری شیمی مواد غذایی،گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی،واحد سبزواردانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،سبزوار
)
masoomeh heidarbeigi
2
(
Bachelor student of food hygiene, Faculty of veterinary Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
)
hamed hassanzadeh
3
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and hygiene, Faculty of veterinary Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
)
محمدیار حسینی
4
(
)
Keywords: Film, Tragopogon graminifolius extract, Gelatin, Whey protein, Physicochemical properties,
Abstract :
The development of innovative biopolymers obtained from agricultural sources or food product waste is one of the leading technologies for maintaining the quality, freshness and safety of food. The idea of using polymers for environmentalists in packaging applications and their ability to form films has been considered. In this study, biodegradable packaging active film based on gelatin and whey protein and different concentrations (2, 3, 1 and 4%) containing Tragopogon extract were prepared. The physicochemical properties of the produced active films such as (turbidity, thickness, solubility and vapor permeability), mechanical tests (elongation, tensile strength and Young's modulus), antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity were considered. Experiments with three replications were analyzed with a completely randomized design and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS26 software at a probability level of 0.05. Among the treatments, the lowest solubility was in the 4% concentration of the extract and the lowest vapor permeability was in the low concentration of the extract in the treatments. The highest elongation at break point (24%) in 3% concentration, tensile strength (11 MPa) and Young's modulus (140 MPa) was in 2% concentration of Tragopogon graminifolius extract. Among the treatments, the difference in the amount of turbidity of the resulting films was not significant (p>0.05), although it had the highest amount at the highest extract concentration. . In edible film treatments, antioxidant activity using DPPH radicals was significant in all concentrations (p<0.05). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the film was done with the help of diffusion disc method. In this test, the largest diameter of the inhibition zone was Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 4% with an average diameter of 8.2 mm. And the lowest diameter of the inhibition halo in the same concentration was reported for Psudomonas 4.7 mm.
1- Sabiha-Hanim, S. & Siti-Norsafurah, A. (2012). Physical properties of hemicellulose films from sugarcane bagasse. Procedia Engineering, 42, 1390-1395.
2- Jooyandeh, H. (2011). Whey protein films and coatings: A review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10 (3), 296-301.
3- Gomez-Guillén, M.C., Giménez, B., López-Caballero, M.E. and Montero, M.P. 2011. Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review. Food hydrocolloids. 25:1813-1827.
4- Wang H, Ding F, Ma L and Zhang Y, 2021. Edible films from chitosan-gelatin: Physical properties and food packaging application. Food Bioscience 40, 100871.
5- Rangaraj VM, Devaraju S, Rambabu K, Banat F and Mittal V, 2022. Silver-sepiolite (Ag-Sep) hybrid reinforced active gelatin/date waste extract (DSWE) blend composite films for food packaging application. Food Chemistry 369, 130983.
6- Wakai, M., & Almenar, E. (2015). Effect of the presence of montmorillonite on the solubility of whey protein isolate films in food model systems with different compositions and pH. Food Hydrocolloids, 43, 612-621.
7- Bandyopadhyay, P., Ghosh, A. K., & Ghosh, C. (2012). Recent developments on polyphenol-protein interactions: Effects on tea and coffee taste, antioxidant properties and the digestive system. Food and Function, 3(6), 592–605. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1039/ c2fo0 0006g
8- Choi, I., Lee, S. E., Chang, Y., Lacroix, M., & Han, J. (2018). Effect of oxidized phenolic compounds on cross-linking and properties of biodegradable active packaging film composed of turmeric and gelatin. LWT, 93, 427–433. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. lwt. 2018. 03. 065.
9- Moradi M, Tajik H, No HK, Razavi Rohani S, Oromiehie A, Ghasemi S. Potential inherent properties of chitosan and its applications in preserving muscle food. J Chitin Chitosan 2010; 15: 35-45.
10- Heidari M, Malekmoohamadi L. Medicinal plants in Ghasemloo valley of Uromieh. Iran J Med Arom Plants 2007; 3;14-20.
11- Farzaei, M. H., Rahimi, R., Attar, F., Siavoshi, F., Saniee, P., Hajimahmoodi, M., Mirnezami, T., & Khanavi, M. (2014). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extracts of Tragopogon graminifolius, a medicinal herb from Iran. Natural Product Communications, 9(1), 121–124.
12- Azarifar, M ., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Sowti, M., Akhondzadeh Basti, A., Abdulkhani, A., Noshirvani, N and Hosseini, M. 2019. The optimization of gelatin-CMC based active films containing chitin nanofiber and Trachyspermum ammi essential oil by response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers. 208, 457-468
13- Khanzadi, M., Jafari, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Chegini, F. K., Maghsoudlou, Y., & Dehnad, D. (2015). Physical and mechanical properties in biodegradable films of whey protein concentrate–pullulan by application of beeswax. Carbohydrate polymers, 118, 24-29.
14- Alizadeh Sani M, Tavassoli M, Salim SA, Azizi-lalabadi M and McClements DJ, 2022. Development of green halochromic smart and active packaging materials: TiO2 nanoparticle- and anthocyanin loaded gelatin/κ-carrageenan films. Food Hydrocolloids 124, 107324.
15- . Hosseini, M., Rahimi, Z & saifi.T. 2023. Production of edible film based on gelatin containing thyme essential oil: investigation of its physicochemical, mechanical, antioxidant and microbial properties. Iranian food science and technology. 20(135): 129-139.
16- Akhter, R., Masoodi, F., Wani, TA., Rather, SA. 2019. Functional characterization of biopolymer based composite film: Incorporation of natural essential oils and antimicrobial agents. International journal of biological macromolecules. 137:1245-55.
17- Fiore A, Park S, Volpe S, Torrieri E and Masi P, 2021. Active packaging based on PLA and chitosan-caseinate enriched rosemary essential oil coating for fresh minced chicken breast application. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 29, 100708.
18- Piñeros-Hernandez, D., Medina-Jaramillo, C., López-Córdoba, A and Goyanes, S. 2017. Edible cassava starch films carrying rosemary antioxidant extracts for potential use as active food packaging. Food Hydrocolloids. 63: 488-495.
19- Ghadermarzi, R., Keramat, J and Goli SA, 2013. The effect of oregano essential oil on theproperties of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose edible film. Quarterly journal of new food technologies, 2(7) 61-74.
20- Cheng, S., Wang, W., Li, YGao.G., Zhang, K., Zhou, J.2019. Cross-linking and filmforming properties of transglutaminase-modified collagen fibers tailored by denaturation temperature. Food chemistry, 271:527-35.
21- Di Giuseppe FA, Volpe S, Cavella S, Masi P and Torrieri E, 2022. Physical properties of active biopolymer films based on chitosan, sodium caseinate, and rosemary essential oil. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 32, 100817.
22- Fernández-Cervera, M., Heinämäki, J., Krogars, K., Jörgensern, A. C., Karjalainen, M. & Iraizoz-Colarte, A. 2004. Solid-state and mechanical properties of aqueous chitosan- amylose starch films plasticized with polyols. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 5: 1-6.
23- Jamróz, E., Juszczak, L., Kucharek, M. 2018. Investigation of the physical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ternary potato starch-furcellaran-gelatin films incorporated with lavender essential oil. International journal of biological macromolecules. 114:1094-101.
24- Zhang A, Han Y and Zhou Z, 2023. Characterization of citric acid crosslinked chitosan/gelatin composite film with enterocin CHQS and red cabbage pigment. Food Hydrocolloids 135, 108144.
25- Jancikova, S., Jamróz, E., Kulawik, P., Tkaczewska, J., & Dordevic, D. (2019). Furcellaran/gelatin hydrolysate/rosemary extract composite films as active and intelligent packaging materials. Intern J. Biol Macrom, 131, 19-28. N https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.050.
26- Bravin, B., Peressini, D., & Sensidoni, A. (2006). Development and application of polysaccharide–lipid edible coating to extend shelf-life of dry bakery products. J. Food Eng, 76(3), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.05.021
27- Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Yong, H., Qin, Y., Liu, J., & Liu, J. (2019). Development of multifunctional food packaging films based on chitosan, TiO2 nanoparticles and anthocyanin-rich black plum peel extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 94, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.009
28- Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Liu, F., Ren, F., Zhao, G., & Leng, X. (2011). Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/whey protein isolate nanocomposite film. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(5), 1098-1104.
29- Zidorn C, Lohwasser U, Pschorr S, Salvenmoser D, Ongania KH, Ellmerer EP, Stuppner H. Bibenzyls and dihydroisocoumarins from white salsify (Tragopogonporrifolius subsp. porrifolius). Phytochemistry 2005;66;1691-7.
30- Tavassoli M, Sani MA, Khezerlou A, Ehsani A and McClements DJ, 2021. Multifunctional nanocomposite active packaging materials: Immobilization of quercetin, lactoferrin, and chitosan nanofiber particles in gelatin films. Food Hydrocolloids 118, 106747.
31- Oussalah, M., Caillet, S., Saucier, L., and Lacroix, M., 2007. Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria: E coli 0157: H7, Salmonella
typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control. 18, 414-420.
32- Ejaz M, Arfat YA, Mulla M, Ahmed J. Zinc oxide nanorods/clove essential oil incorporated Type B gelatin composite films and its applicability for shrimp packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 2018;15:113-21.
33- Sui Chin S, Han Lyn F and Nur Hanani ZA, 2017. Effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel on the physical and functional properties of fish gelatin films as active packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 12, 128–134. amil Nadu, India.
34- Souza VGL, Pires JRA, Vieira ÉT, Coelhoso IM, Duarte MP and Fernando AL, 2019. Activity of chitosan-montmorillonite bionanocomposites incorporated with rosemary essential oil: From in vitro assays to application in fresh poultry meat. Food Hydrocolloids 89, 241–252.
35- Cagri, A., Ustunol, Z., and Ryser, E.T., 2001. Antimicrobial, mechanical and moisture barrier properties of low pH whey proteind-based edible films containing p-aminobenzoic or Sorbicacids. J. Food Sci. 66 (6), 865-870.
36- Elansary HO, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H, Barakat AA, Al-Mana FA. Antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of polyphenol extracts from Ferocactus species. Processes. 2020; 8(2): 138. doi: 10.3390/pr8020138.
37- . Koné WM, Atindehou KK, Kacou-N'douba A, Dosso M. Evaluation of 17 medicinal plants from Northern Côte d'Ivoire for their in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2006 Aug; 4(1): 17-22.
38- Mekonnen A, Desta W. Comparative study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rumex abyssinicus with commercially available Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Chem Biol Technol Agric. 2021; 8: 2. doi: 10.1186/s40538-020-00198-0.
39- Elansary HO, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H, Barakat AA, Al-Mana FA. Antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of polyphenol extracts from Ferocactus species. Processes. 2020; 8(2): 138. doi: 10.3390/pr8020138.
40- Fadaei M, Fallah A, Taheri A, 2020. Effect of Edible Starch Coating Enrichmed with Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) Essential Oil on Shelf life of Rainbow Trout Fillet Esmail Pirali khirabadi1, Journal of Veterinary Research 75:3, 300-309.
