The effect of seed rate on grain yield and yield components of barley cultivars in rainfed cold regions
Subject Areas : Agroecology JournalBahman Abdolrahmani 1 , Alireza Tavakoli 2
1 - Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
2 - Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Keywords: Abidar, Dayton, dryland, planting density, Sahand,
Abstract :
Abstract To achieve the suitable seed rate and barley cultivar in cold regions, a research was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications during 2013- 2015 at Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh Station, Iran. Three barley cultivars of Sahand, Abidar and Dayton were evaluated in 300, 400, and 500 seeds/m2 seed rates. Abidar was better than others in thousand kernel weight, green cover percentage, rainfall productivity index, and biological and grain yields. Also, the seed rate of 400 seeds/m2 was the best regarding better productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, and biological and grain yields. Interaction between cultivar and seed rate was significant in thousand kernel weight, harvest index, productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, grain yield, plant height, green cover percentage in flowering stage and grains number in spike. Sahad in 500, and Abidar and Dayton in 400 seeds/m2 seed rates had the highest yield. On the whole, Abidar in 400 seeds/m2 seed rate had the most green cover percentage in flowering stage, harvest index, productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, biological and grain yield, thus could be recommended for rainfed barley fall cultivation in Maragheh and other similar regions.
References:
Abdolrahmani B, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Valizadeh M, Feizi Asl V (2007) Seed priming and seedling establishment of barley (Hordium voulgare L.). Food, Agriculture and Environment 5(3&4): 179-184.
Abdolrahmani B, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Valizadeh M, Feizi-Asl V, Tavakoli AR (2009) Effects of seed priming on seed vigor and grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Abidar) in rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 11(4): 337-352. [in Persian with English abstract]
Abdolrahmani B (2016) Determination of appropriate rainfed wheat varieties density in cold region. Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology 3(1): 155-174. [in Persian with English abstract]
Aguliar IM, Hunt LA (1991) Grain yield vs. spike number in winter wheat in a humid continental climate. Crop Science 31(2): 360-363.
Anonymous (2011) Dryland wheat breeding research achievements. Final project report, Dryland Agriculture Research Institute: Maragheh, Iran. [in Persian]
Anonymous) 2015) Statistics of barley cultivation in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad Publication: Tehran. [in Persian]
Bakema-Boomstra AG, Masterbroke HD (1993) The grain yield of uniculm barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) in two contrasting environments. Euphytica 66(1): 103-110.
Bavar M (2008) Effects of planting date and density on growth indices and yield component of hull-less barley. Master Thesis, University of Gorgan: Gorgan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Behnia M (1992) Cool Cereals. University of Tehran Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Briggs KG (1975) Effect of seeding rate and row spacing on agronomic characteristics of Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa wheats. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55(2): 363-367.
Darwinkel A, Ten-Hag BA, Kuizenga D (1977) Effect of sowing date and seed rate crop development and grain production of winter wheat. Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science 25: 83-94.
Donaldson E, Schillinger WF, Dofing SM (2001) Straw production and grain Yield relationship in winter wheat. Crop Science 41(1): 100-106.
Dawood RA (1994) Effects of row space and timing of nitrogen application on the yield, yield components and some technological properties of wheat grains. Australian Journal of Agricultural Science 25: 319-340.
Darwinkel A (1978) Patterns of tiller and grain production of winter wheat at wide range of plant densities. Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science 26: 383-398.
Dofing SM, Knight CW (1992) Heading synchrony and yield component of barley grown in subarctic environments. Crop Science 32(6): 1377-1380.
Douglas CL, Wilkins DE, Churchill DB (1994) Tillage, seed size and seed density effects on performance of soft white winter wheat. Agronomy Journal 86(4): 707-711.
Elhani S, Martos V, Rharrabi Y, Royo C, Garcia del moral LF (2007) Contribution of main stem and tillers to durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. durum) grain yield and its components grown in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Research 103: 25-35.
Fathi G, Alipoor AA, Radmehr M, Lotfaliaeene J (1998) Interaction effect of density and nitrogen fertilizer on barley grain yield. Proceedings of the 6th Agronomy and Plant Breeding Conference. Babolsar, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Fischer RA, Aguilar-Mariscal I, Maurer OR, Ravis AS (1976) Density and row spacing effects on irrigated short wheat at low latitude. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 87(1): 137-147.
Fukai S, Searle C, Baiquni H, Choenthong S, Kywe M (1998) Growth and grain yield of contrasting barley cultivars under different plant densities. Field Crops Research 23(3-4): 239-254.
Giovanni G, Silvano P, Giovanni D (2004) Grain yield, nitrogen-use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bread-wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels. European Journal of Agronomy 21(2): 181-182.
Giunta F, Motzo R, Pruneddu G (2007) Trends since 1900 in the yield potential of Italian-bred durum wheat cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy 27(1): 12-24.
Henson BK, Lukach JR (1992) Barley response to planting rate in northeastern north Dakota. North Dakota Farm Research 49: 14-19.
Hiltbrunner J, Streit B, Lidgens M (2007) Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover? Field Crops Research 102(3): 163-171.
Ishag HM, Taha MB (1974) Production and survival of tillers of wheat and their contribution to yield. Journal of Agricultural Science 83(1): 117-124.
Johnson JW, Hargrove WL, Moss RB (1988) Optimizing row spacing and seeding rate for soft red winter wheat. Agronomy Journal 80(2): 164-166.
Khan SA (1973) Effect of seed rate and row spacing on the yield of bulk wheat. Agronomy Journal 65: 614- 615.
Khodabandeh N (1983) Cereals. Tehran University Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Koc M (1996) Biomass production and grain yield of some genotypes of bread and Durum wheat under coastal Mediterranean conditions. Rachis, Barley and Wheat Newsletter 15(1/2): 27-32.
Koocheki A, Khalagani J (1996) Understanding Crop Production. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Lafond GP, Derksen DA (1996) Row spacing and seeding rate effects in wheat and barley under a conventional fallow management system. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76(4): 791-793.
Malakooti MJ, Riazi Hamadani SA (1991) Fertilizers and Soil fertility. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Mcloed CC (1982) Effects of rates of seeding on barley sown for grain. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 10: 133-136.
Muchena SC, Grogan CO (1977) Effect of seed size on germination of corn (Zea mays) under simulated water stress conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 57(3): 921-923.
Poehlman JM, Sleper DA (1995) Breeding Field Crops. Iowa State University Press: Ames.
Power JF, Alessi J (1978) Tiller development on yield of standard and semidwarf barley varieties as affected by nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural Science 90(1): 97-108.
Rharrabti Y, Elhani S, Garcia Del Moral LF, Martos V (2000) Relationship between some quality traits and yield of durum wheat under Southern Spain conditions. Proceedings of the Durum Wheat Improvement in the Mediterranean Region: New Challenges. Zaragoza, Spain.
Rahnama A, Bakhshandeh A, Normohammadi Gh (2000) Effect of tiller manipulation at different planting densities on grain yield and it's components of Atrak cultivar in south Khuzistan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 2(3): 12-24. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadiq M, Lalah RA (1986) Influence of seed density on the growth and yield of wheat varieties under late sown conditions. Journal of Agriculture Research 24: 33-36.
Salekzamani A, Tavakoli A (2004) The effect of seed rate on grain yield and its components in dryland wheat genotypie. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 6(3): 214-223. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sarmadnia G, Koocheki A (1989) Crop Physiology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Sedri MH (2008) Evaluation of animal manure, seed inoculation with Azotobacter and urea application on quantity and quality of rainfed wheat. Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Kurdistan: Sanandaj, Iran. [in Persian]
Sepaskhah A, Tavakoli AR, Moosavi SF (2006) Principles of Limited Irrigation. National Committee of Irrigation and Drainage: Tehran. [in Persian]
Seyedgiasi MF (1991) Detailed pedological studies of farm lands of Agricultural Dryland Research Station in Maragheh. Final project report, Dryland Agriculture Research Institute: Maragheh, Iran. [in Persian]
Sharifi H, Rahimian Mashhadi H (2001) Effect of drought stress, seeding density and cultivar on productivity of dryland wheat in northern Khorasan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 8(1): 115-129. [in Persian with English abstract]
Singh ID, Stoskopf NC (1971) Harvest index in cereals. Agronomy Journal 63(2): 224-226.
Thirty DE, Sears RG, Shroyer JP, Paulsen GM (2002) Planting date effects on tiller development and productivity of wheat. Agricultural experimental station and cooperative service, Kansas State University.
_||_
Abdolrahmani B, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Valizadeh M, Feizi Asl V (2007) Seed priming and seedling establishment of barley (Hordium voulgare L.). Food, Agriculture and Environment 5(3&4): 179-184.
Abdolrahmani B, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Valizadeh M, Feizi-Asl V, Tavakoli AR (2009) Effects of seed priming on seed vigor and grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Abidar) in rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 11(4): 337-352. [in Persian with English abstract]
Abdolrahmani B (2016) Determination of appropriate rainfed wheat varieties density in cold region. Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology 3(1): 155-174. [in Persian with English abstract]
Aguliar IM, Hunt LA (1991) Grain yield vs. spike number in winter wheat in a humid continental climate. Crop Science 31(2): 360-363.
Anonymous (2011) Dryland wheat breeding research achievements. Final project report, Dryland Agriculture Research Institute: Maragheh, Iran. [in Persian]
Anonymous) 2015) Statistics of barley cultivation in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad Publication: Tehran. [in Persian]
Bakema-Boomstra AG, Masterbroke HD (1993) The grain yield of uniculm barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) in two contrasting environments. Euphytica 66(1): 103-110.
Bavar M (2008) Effects of planting date and density on growth indices and yield component of hull-less barley. Master Thesis, University of Gorgan: Gorgan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Behnia M (1992) Cool Cereals. University of Tehran Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Briggs KG (1975) Effect of seeding rate and row spacing on agronomic characteristics of Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa wheats. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55(2): 363-367.
Darwinkel A, Ten-Hag BA, Kuizenga D (1977) Effect of sowing date and seed rate crop development and grain production of winter wheat. Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science 25: 83-94.
Donaldson E, Schillinger WF, Dofing SM (2001) Straw production and grain Yield relationship in winter wheat. Crop Science 41(1): 100-106.
Dawood RA (1994) Effects of row space and timing of nitrogen application on the yield, yield components and some technological properties of wheat grains. Australian Journal of Agricultural Science 25: 319-340.
Darwinkel A (1978) Patterns of tiller and grain production of winter wheat at wide range of plant densities. Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science 26: 383-398.
Dofing SM, Knight CW (1992) Heading synchrony and yield component of barley grown in subarctic environments. Crop Science 32(6): 1377-1380.
Douglas CL, Wilkins DE, Churchill DB (1994) Tillage, seed size and seed density effects on performance of soft white winter wheat. Agronomy Journal 86(4): 707-711.
Elhani S, Martos V, Rharrabi Y, Royo C, Garcia del moral LF (2007) Contribution of main stem and tillers to durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. durum) grain yield and its components grown in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Research 103: 25-35.
Fathi G, Alipoor AA, Radmehr M, Lotfaliaeene J (1998) Interaction effect of density and nitrogen fertilizer on barley grain yield. Proceedings of the 6th Agronomy and Plant Breeding Conference. Babolsar, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Fischer RA, Aguilar-Mariscal I, Maurer OR, Ravis AS (1976) Density and row spacing effects on irrigated short wheat at low latitude. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 87(1): 137-147.
Fukai S, Searle C, Baiquni H, Choenthong S, Kywe M (1998) Growth and grain yield of contrasting barley cultivars under different plant densities. Field Crops Research 23(3-4): 239-254.
Giovanni G, Silvano P, Giovanni D (2004) Grain yield, nitrogen-use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bread-wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels. European Journal of Agronomy 21(2): 181-182.
Giunta F, Motzo R, Pruneddu G (2007) Trends since 1900 in the yield potential of Italian-bred durum wheat cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy 27(1): 12-24.
Henson BK, Lukach JR (1992) Barley response to planting rate in northeastern north Dakota. North Dakota Farm Research 49: 14-19.
Hiltbrunner J, Streit B, Lidgens M (2007) Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover? Field Crops Research 102(3): 163-171.
Ishag HM, Taha MB (1974) Production and survival of tillers of wheat and their contribution to yield. Journal of Agricultural Science 83(1): 117-124.
Johnson JW, Hargrove WL, Moss RB (1988) Optimizing row spacing and seeding rate for soft red winter wheat. Agronomy Journal 80(2): 164-166.
Khan SA (1973) Effect of seed rate and row spacing on the yield of bulk wheat. Agronomy Journal 65: 614- 615.
Khodabandeh N (1983) Cereals. Tehran University Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Koc M (1996) Biomass production and grain yield of some genotypes of bread and Durum wheat under coastal Mediterranean conditions. Rachis, Barley and Wheat Newsletter 15(1/2): 27-32.
Koocheki A, Khalagani J (1996) Understanding Crop Production. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Lafond GP, Derksen DA (1996) Row spacing and seeding rate effects in wheat and barley under a conventional fallow management system. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76(4): 791-793.
Malakooti MJ, Riazi Hamadani SA (1991) Fertilizers and Soil fertility. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Mcloed CC (1982) Effects of rates of seeding on barley sown for grain. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 10: 133-136.
Muchena SC, Grogan CO (1977) Effect of seed size on germination of corn (Zea mays) under simulated water stress conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 57(3): 921-923.
Poehlman JM, Sleper DA (1995) Breeding Field Crops. Iowa State University Press: Ames.
Power JF, Alessi J (1978) Tiller development on yield of standard and semidwarf barley varieties as affected by nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural Science 90(1): 97-108.
Rharrabti Y, Elhani S, Garcia Del Moral LF, Martos V (2000) Relationship between some quality traits and yield of durum wheat under Southern Spain conditions. Proceedings of the Durum Wheat Improvement in the Mediterranean Region: New Challenges. Zaragoza, Spain.
Rahnama A, Bakhshandeh A, Normohammadi Gh (2000) Effect of tiller manipulation at different planting densities on grain yield and it's components of Atrak cultivar in south Khuzistan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 2(3): 12-24. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadiq M, Lalah RA (1986) Influence of seed density on the growth and yield of wheat varieties under late sown conditions. Journal of Agriculture Research 24: 33-36.
Salekzamani A, Tavakoli A (2004) The effect of seed rate on grain yield and its components in dryland wheat genotypie. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 6(3): 214-223. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sarmadnia G, Koocheki A (1989) Crop Physiology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Sedri MH (2008) Evaluation of animal manure, seed inoculation with Azotobacter and urea application on quantity and quality of rainfed wheat. Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Kurdistan: Sanandaj, Iran. [in Persian]
Sepaskhah A, Tavakoli AR, Moosavi SF (2006) Principles of Limited Irrigation. National Committee of Irrigation and Drainage: Tehran. [in Persian]
Seyedgiasi MF (1991) Detailed pedological studies of farm lands of Agricultural Dryland Research Station in Maragheh. Final project report, Dryland Agriculture Research Institute: Maragheh, Iran. [in Persian]
Sharifi H, Rahimian Mashhadi H (2001) Effect of drought stress, seeding density and cultivar on productivity of dryland wheat in northern Khorasan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 8(1): 115-129. [in Persian with English abstract]
Singh ID, Stoskopf NC (1971) Harvest index in cereals. Agronomy Journal 63(2): 224-226.
Thirty DE, Sears RG, Shroyer JP, Paulsen GM (2002) Planting date effects on tiller development and productivity of wheat. Agricultural experimental station and cooperative service, Kansas State University.
_||_
