The mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between the protective and risky factors related to the family and the attitude towards drug use in secondary school students.
Subject Areas : Psychology
HADI SARANI
1
,
hasan ali veiskarami
2
,
Ezatollah Ghadampoor
3
1 - PhD Student, Department of Educational Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad
3 - Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad
Keywords: Attachment style, attitude towards addiction, family, Protective and risky factors,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study was to examine how family factors (religious beliefs, socio-economic base, cultural beliefs, and parenting style) affected the attitudes of Khorram Abad City upper secondary school students regarding drug use, with identity styles and attachment styles serving as mediators. The method of this research was a correlation from the Path analysis. All Khorram Abad city upper secondary school students who were enrolled in the school year 2022–2023 made up the research population. 380 students made up the sample size and were chosen using the method of stratified sampling. The measurement tools include common questionnaires of religious beliefs Bahrami (2009), socioeconomic base, by Ghodratnama (1993), parenting styles, by Baumrind (2004), attachment styles, by Collins and Reed (1990), and attitude towards addiction, by Nazari (2010), as well as a researcher-made questionnaire of indigenous cultural beliefs. At the end, the results showed that the direct path of parenting style (P < 0.001, β = 0.51), religious beliefs (P < 0.001, β = 0.48), local cultural beliefs (P < 0.001, (β=0.65) and the path of socio-economic base to the attitude towards drug use (P<0.001, β=0.67) is significant. Also, the direct path of parenting style (P < 0.001, β = 0.78), religious beliefs to (P < 0.001, β = 0.62), local cultural beliefs (P < 0.001, 0.57) =β), economic-social base (P<0.001, β=0.47) to attachment styles and the direct path of attachment styles to attitude to drug use (P<0.001, 0.47) β), are significant. Also, the lower and upper limits of the
ابراهیمی، آیسان و زینالی، علی (1397). مدل علي روابط بين شيوه¬هاي فرزندپروري، سبک¬هاي دلبستگي و خودتنظيمي در افراد وابسته به مواد، فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی. 12(45)، 112- 91.
احدی، رضا؛ محمدی، شهرام؛ طغر انگار، حسن (1401). عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر اعتیاد مواد مخدر صنعتی (مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان)، پژوهش¬های حقوقی ، 21 (49)، 343 – 315.
اصغری ، فرهاد؛ مالکی، مریم و سعادت، سجاد (1393). رابطه سبک هاي دلبستگی و پیوندهاي والدینی با آمادگی اعتیاد در دانشجویان، فصلنامه نسیم تندرستی، 3 (2)، 8- 1.
جهان شاه لو، مرتضی؛ محمدخانی، شهرام؛ امیری، حمید؛ فخاری، آفاق؛ حسینی، سپیده؛ (1395). عوامل خطرساز و محافظت كننده فردي، خانوادگی و اجتماعی گرايش به مصرف مواد در دانشجويان، مجله مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، 3 (2)، 137- 127.
خالقی خواه، علی؛ بابایی منقاری، محمد مهدی (1393). رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی و هوش معنوی با نگرش دینی دانش‌آموزان متوسطه شهرستان آمل. دین و سلامت، 2 (2)، 9-1.
رضایی، احمد؛ اسلامی، بهروز؛ مهدی پور خراسانی، ملیحه (1393). نقش خانواده در گرایش جوانان به اعتیاد در شهرستان ورامین، نشریه حامعه شناسی مطالعات جوانان، 5 (15)، 50- 27.
زارعی، سلمان و کاظمی¬پور، احمد (1400). نقش تعدیل کننده سالم زیستی مذهبی و خود تمایزیافتگی در رابطه بین ملال روانشناختی با گرایش به اعتیاد در بین دانش¬آموزان پسر شهر نورآباد، دو ماهنامه فیض، 25 (1)، 776- 767.
شالچی، بهزاد؛ سهرابی، ظریفه؛ حاتم¬پور، شورش (1397). ارتباط كاركرد خانواده و موقعيت اجتماعي _ اقتصادي با آسيب پذيري نسبت به اعتياد: با نقش ميانجي هوش معنوی"، مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشكي گيلان، 27 (108)، 34- 25.
شوشتری رضوانی، مهدیه و آقا بابایی، ناصر (1399). رابطه دینداری و بنیانهای اخلاقی با گرایش به اعتیاد در دختران 15 تا 18 ساله شهر تهران، نشریه پژوهشکده علوم بهداشتی و جهاد دانشگاهی، 20 (1)، 125- 119.
صدری دمیرچی، اسماعیل؛ اسرافیلی تازه کند محمدیه، هاجر و مصباحی، سید فرید (1398). الگوي آمادگي به اعتياد براساع صفات سه گانه تاريک شخصيت و ذهنيت¬هاي طرحواره¬اي، فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی، 13(53)، 138- 119.
صدیق سروستانی، رحمت¬اله؛ قادری، صلاح الدین (1388). هنجارهاي تسهيل كنندة مصرف مواد مخدر (ترياك و نظاير آن) در ميان خرده فرهنگ¬هاي قومي در ايران. فصلنامه دانش انتظامی، 10 (2)، 109- 82.
فرزانه جاجرمی، حسن؛ ستوده اصل، نعمت؛ کسهاری، رضا؛ جهان، فائزه (1400). ارائه¬ی مدل علّی گرايش به رفتارهای پرخطر بر اساس نگرش مذهبی و سبک¬های فرزند پروری والدين با میانجیگری چشم انداز زمان، پژوهشهای روانشناسی اجتماعی، 42، 52- 32.
قمری، محمد (1390). مقایسه ابعاد عملکرد خانواده و کیفیت زندگی و رابطه این متغیرها در بین افراد معتاد و غیر معتاد. اعتیاد پژوهی، 5(18)، 68- 55.
مومبینی، محمد علی؛ حسین زاده، علی حسین؛ مومبینی، آزیتا (1398). بررسی عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر بر مبنای رویکرد کج رفتاری (مورد مطالعه: جوانان شهر اهواز)، فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی، 13 (3)، 197- 228.
Abu Raiya H, Pargament KI, Mahoney A, Stein C. A psychological measure of Islamic religiousness: Development and evidence for reliability and validity. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, (2015);18(4):291-315.
Baharudin MN, Mohamad M, Karim F. (2020). Drug-abuse inmates maqasid shariah
quality of lifw: a conceotual paper. Hum soc aci Rev, 8 (3):1285–94.
Beckwith, M., Best, D., Savic, M., Haslam, C., & Bathish, R. (2019). ). Social Identity Mapping in Addiction Recovery (SIM-AR): extension and application of a visual method. Addiction Research & Theory, 27(6), 462- 471.
Bowlby (2010), Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Anxiety and anger. In: New York: Basic
Bowlby (1969), Attachment and loss: Attachment (vol. 1).
Buja, Alessandra., Mortali, Claudia., Mastrobattista, Luisa., Minutillo, Adele., Pichini, Simona., Genetti, Bruno., Vian, Paolo & Et al (2019). Pathways connecting socioeconomic variables, substance abuse and gambling behaviour: a cross sectional study on a sample of Italian high- school students BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031737.
Davis, R.A. (2010). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use Computers in Human Behavior.
De Moor, E. L., Sijtsema, J. J., Weller, J. A., & Klimstra, T. A. (2020). Longitudinal links between identity and substance use in adolescence. Self and Identity. 21 (1), 113- 136.
Eftekhari, Asie., Bakhtiari, Maryam., Kianimoghadam, Amir Sam (2022). The Relationship between the Attachment Styles of Children, Parenting Styles, and the Socio-Economic Status of parents, journal of community Health Research, 11(4).
Estevez A, Jauregui P, Lopez-Gonzalez H. Attachment and behavioral addictions in adolescents: the mediating and moderating role of coping strategies. Scand J Psychol. 2019;60(4):348–60.
Gardiner, E., Mâsse, L.C., Iarocci, G. (2019).A psychometric study of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale among families of children with autism spectrum disorder, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 17, 1-10.
Gerra, Gilberto., Benedetti, Elisa., Resce, Giuliano., Potente, Roberta., Cutilli , Arianna and Molinaro, Sabrina (2020). Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(4), 1306.
Gilberto Gerra, Elisa Benedetti, Giuliano Resce, Roberta Potente, Arianna Cutilli & Sabrina Molinaro (2020). Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (4), 1306
Hanson, M., & Chen, E. (2007). Socioeconomic status and health behaviors in adolescence: A review of the literature. Journal of behavioral medicine, 30, 263- 285.
Hock, R. S., Hindin, M. J., Bass, J. K., Surkan, P. J., Bradshaw, C. P., & Mendelson, T (2016). Parenting styles and emerging adult drug use in Cebu, the Philippines, International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 9(2), 108-119.
Li, Liu., Weijie, Meng & Bingyuan, Liu T (2022). The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Adolescent Drug Abuse Identification, Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
Lukavska, K., Vacek, J., and Gabhelik, R. A (2020). The effects of parental control and warmth on problematic internet use in adolescents: a prospective cohort study. J. Behav. Addict, 9, 664–675.
Maina, Geoffrey., Mclean, Maeve., Mcharo, Solomon., Kennedy, Megan., Djiometio, Joseph.,King, Alexandra (2020). A scoping review of school-based indigenous substance use prevention in preteens (7-13 years), Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 15:74.
Manaseri, Holly., Roberts, Kelly., Stofocik, Kathleen., Manuel, Naomi & Uehara, Denise (2014). Culture as a Protective Factor: The Use of Storytelling in a Teen Pregnancy and STI Prevention Curriculum. Health Care: Current Reviews, 2 (3), 1000127.
McCann, M., Perra, O., McLaughlin, A., McCartan, C., & Higgins, K. (2016). Assessing elements of a family approach to reduce adolescent drinking frequency: Parent- adolescent relationship, knowledge management and keeping secrets. Addiction, 111(5), 843–853
McCormick, Rod M (2000). Aboriginal Traditions in theTreatment of Substance Abuse. Canadian Journal of Counselling / Revue canadienne de counselin, 34: 1, 25-32.
Nadeau,L., Laverdiere, O., Simard, V & Beaulieu-Tremblay, T. (2024). Attachment, defense mechanisms and early maladaptive schemas in dreamsAttachement, mécanismes de défense et schémas relationnels dans les rêves, European Review of Applied Psychology, 74, 6, 100986.
Pahlevan Sharif, S., Amiri M., Allen, K., Sharif Nia, H., Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, F., Hatef Matbue, Yasaman 8 Hossein, A (2021). Attachment: the mediating role of hope, religiosity, and life satisfaction in older adults, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 15;19(1):57
Ocaña-Gordillo,Daniela., Kliewer, Wendy (2023). Risk and protective factors for marijuana use and problems with use in a national sample of female Ecuadorian secondary school students, International Journal of Psychology, 58,1, 85-89.
Sakman, Ezgi ., Solak, Nevin ., Sümer, Nebi (2022). Socioeconomic Disadvantage as a Risk Factor for Attachment Insecurity: The Moderating Role of Gender, Journal of Family Issues, 1-22.
Shell, Duane F., Newman., Ian M., Fang, Xiaoyi (2010). The Influence of Cultural Orientation, Alcohol Expectancies, and Self-efficacy on Adolescent Drinking Behavior in China. Educational Psychology Papers and Publications. 173.
Silberman, I. (2005), "Religion as a Meaning System: Implications for the New Millennium, Journal of Social Issues, 61(4): 641-663.
Redonnet, B., Chollet, A., Forborne, E., Bowes, L., Melchior, M (2012 Tobacco, alcohol, Cannabis and other illegal drug use among young adults: The socioeconomic context,. . Drug and alcohol dependence, 121(3), 231-9.
Thorpe, H. H. A., Hamidullah, S., Jenkins, B. W., and Khokhar, J. Y. (2020). Adolescent neurodevelopment and substance use: receptor expression and behavioral consequences. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 206,
Tirado, Camila., Moreno, Oswaldo., Fuentes, Lisa., Rodriguez, Isis Garcia., Hernandez, Cindy., Muñoz Geovani (2023). Assets and stressors on adolescent substance use: The role of religiosity. Encyclopedia of child and Adolescent Health, 3, 654- 659.
Wang, Shiyuan (2011). Cultural Orientation and Drinking Behaviors among Chinese University Students. Public Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences, The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska, For the Degree of Master of Arts.
Weinandy, Jennifer T.Grant & Grubbs, Joshua B. (2021). Religious and spiritual beliefs and attitudes towards addiction and addiction treatment: A scoping review. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100393.
Woodward, Tara C., Smith, Megan L., Mann, Michael J., Kristjansson, Alfgeir., Morehouse Holly (2023). Risk & protective factors for youth substance use across family, peers, school, & leisure domains, Children and Youth Services Review, 151, 107027,
Xia, Wei.,William li, cheung, Ho., Ling, Tingna., Yuanhui, Tingna., Luo., Laurie long Kwan Ho., Ankie Tan Cheung., Peige song (2022). Structured online training for university students to deliver peer-led addiction counselling for young drug abusers in China: Effect on improving knowledge, attitude, confidence, and skills. Patient Education and Counseling, 105 (4), 1009- 1017.
Zeinali, Ali., Pasha Sharifi, Hassan., Enayati, mirsalahadine., pasha, Gohlamreza (2011). The mediational pathway among parenting styles, attachment styles and self-regulation with addiction susceptibility of adolescents, Res Med Sci, 16 (9), 1105- 21.
Zhang, Yiming., Ding, Yueming., Huang, Haitao., Peng, Qianwen., Wan, Xiao., Lu, Guangli & Chen, Chaoran (2022). Relationship between insecure attachment and mobile phone addiction: A meta-analysis, Addictive Behaviors, 131, 107317.
Zrour, C., Naja, W., Chahoud, M., Halabi, A., Badaoui, A., and Haddad, R. (2021). Parenting styles and psychiatric profile of parents of adult substance use disorder patients: cross-sectional study. Int. J. Ment. Health Addict, 7, 1–16.
