Effect of salicylic acid application times on biochemical, agronomic and yield characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different humidity regimes

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

mojtaba shoaa ¹ , Farhad Mohajeri ² , Mohammad Rahim Owji ³ , Alireza Bagheri ⁴

1 - Islamic Azad University Fasa Branch
2 - Fasa Azad University
3 - Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University, Fasa Branch
4 - Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University, Eghlid Branch

Received: 2022-07-17 Accepted : 2022-11-08 Published : 2022-04-21

Keywords: Drought stress, Proline, Plant hormones, Chlorophyl,

Abstract :

In order to investigate the effects of external application time of salicylic acid hormone on morphological and physiological properties of barley (Nosrat cultivar) under stress conditions in Neyriz city during two cropping years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with the main factor of different irrigation conditions (without irrigation, two irrigation and four times of irrigation) and the sub factor of salicylic acid foliar application times (without foliar application, tillering end 50% emergence of stem and end of flag leaf emergence) was conducted. The results showed That without irrigation treatment reduced leaf chlorophyll index and chlorophyll a and b by 74.2%, 66.02 and 42.31%, respectively. without irrigation Treatment also significantly reduced grain yield. It was 86.9% (average of two years of experiment). Foliar application at the end of tillering increased grain yield by 10.36% on average. Increased grain yield due foliar application at the end of tillering in without treatment irrigation was 6.2% and in four times irrigation treatments was 10.1%, which indicates the positive effect foliar application in higher humidity conditions. Foliar application increased the concentration of proline compared to the control without foliar application. The highest proline concentration was foliar application at the end of tillering. Proline concentration increased with decreasing irrigation frequency. The results indicate application of salicylic acid at the end of tillering by improving biochemical properties is effective in reducing the effects of drought stress and its use in barley is recommended in similar water and soil conditions.

References:

احمدی، ک.، ح. عبادزاده، ف. حاتمی، ش. محمد نیا افروزی، ع. اسفندیاری پور و ر. عباسطاقانی. 1400. آمارنامه  کشاورزی سال زراعی 99-1398 جلد اول: محصولات زراعی. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، معاونت برنامه‌ریزی و  اقتصاد، مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات. 97 صفحه.

براتی، و. و ح. غدیری. 1395. اثرات تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد و محتوای پروتئین دانه دو رقم جو. نشریه تولید و فرآوری محصولات زراعی و باغی. سال ششم، 20: 206-191.

جیریایی، م.، ن. ساجدی، ح. مدنی و م. شیخی. 1388. اثر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد و تنش کم‌آبی بر خصوصیات زراعی گندم رقم شهریار. یافته‌های نوین کشاورزی. 4: 343-333.

دبیرخانه شورای گفت‌وگوی دولت و بخش خصوصی و اتاق بازرگانی، صنایع، معادن و کشاورزی ایران 1399. گزارش نهاده‌های دامی هم‌افزایی 30 صفحه.

شعاع، م. و ح. ر. میری. 1391. کاهش اثرات سوء تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گندم از طریق کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک. مجله الکترونیک تولید گیاهان زراعی جلد پنجم، شماره اول، 88 - 71.

فهمیده، ل.، ا. مزارعی، ش. مددی و پ. پهلوان. 1400. مقایسه بین رنگیزه‌ های فتوسنتزی، تنظیم‌کننده‌های اسمزی و آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی ارقام نیمروز و نومار جو بومی منطقه سیستان تحت تنش خشکی. پژوهشنامه اصلاح گیاهان زراعی. ۳۷ :51-62.

کشاورز، ع.، ب. فکاری سردهایی، ا. بیکی، ع. خسروی، م. فارسی و ع. ملکیان نژندعلی. 1399. چالش‌های بخش کشاورزی کشور. مرکز ملی مطالعات راهبردی کشاورزی و آب. 44 صفحه.

Amin, A.A., S. Li, M. Rashad, M. Fatma and A. E. Gharib. 2008. Changes in morphological, physiological and reproductive characters of wheat plants as affected by foliar application with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2: 252-261.

Arnon, I. 1972. Crop Production in Dry Regions. Wheat. Vol., 2. Leonard Hill London.

Badr, A., K. Muller, R. Schafer-pregl, EL. H. Rabey, S. Effgen, H. H. Ibrahim, C. Pozzi, W. Rohde and F. Salamini. 2000. On the Origin and Domestication History of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(4):499–510.

Bates, L. S., R. P. Waldern and I. D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for waterstress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.

Bray, E.A. 1997. Plant responses to water deficit. Trends in Plant Science, 2, 48-54.

Brevedan, R. E. and D. B. Egli. 2003. Short periods of water stress during seed filling, leaf senescence, and yield of soybean. Crop Science. 43: 2083- 2088.

Day, W., D. W. Lalar and B. J. Legg. 1981. The effects of drought on barley soil and plant water relation, Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge. 96: 61-77.

Dubey, A., A. Kumar, M. Ahmad Malla, K. Chowdhary, G. Singh, G. Ravikanth, S. Sharma, Z. S. E. Menendez and J. F. Dames. 2021. Approaches for the amelioration of adverse effects of drought stress on crop plants. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.26(10): 928-947.

El-Tayeb, M. A. 2005. Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regul. 45: 215–224.

Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita and S. M. A. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effect, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.29: 185-212.

Frimpong, F., M. Anokye, C.W. Windt, A. A. Naz, M. Frei, D. V. Dusschoten and F. Fiorani. 2021. Proline-mediated drought tolerance in the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) isogenic line is associated with lateral root growth at the early seedling Stage. Plants. 1-21.

Garcia del Moral, L. F., Y. Rharrabit, D. Villegas and C. Royo. 2003. Evaluation of grain yield and its components in durum wheat under Mediterranean condition, Agron. J. 65:266-274.

Gautam, P.P., A. K. Fritz, M. B. K. Kirkham and B. Gill. 2011. Response of aegilops species to drought stress during reproductive stages of development. Fundamental for Life. Soil, Crop and Environmental Sciences. International Annual Meetings. Pp: 16-19.

Ghaderi, N., S. Normohammadi and T. Javadi. 2015. Morpho-physiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) to exogenous salicylic acid application under drought stress. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. Vol. 17: 167-178.

Ghosh, P.K., K. K. Ajay, M. C. Bandyopadhyay, K. G. Manna, A. K. Mandal and K.M. Hati.2004. Comprative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer- NPK on three cropping system in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. Dry matter yield, nodulation, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology. 95: 85-93.

Gusegnova, I. M., S. Y. Suleymanov and J. A. Aliyev. 2006. Protein composition and native state of pigments of thylakoid membrane of Wheat genotypes differently tolerant to water stress. Journal of Biochemistry Research. 71: 223-228.

Hashemi, S. E., Y. Emam and H. Pirasteh-Anosheh. 2015. The effect of time and type of salicylic acid application on growth trend, yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salinity stress conditions. Crop Physiol. J. 24: 5-18.

Hayat S., S. A. Hasan, Q. Fariduddin and A. Ahmad. 2008. Growth of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum) in response to salicylic acid under water stress. Journal of Plant International. 3(4):297–304.

Hayat, Q., S. Hayat, M. Irfan and A. Ahmad. 2009. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: A review. Environ. Exp. Bot. 134: 1-12.

Hayat, Q., S. H. Hayata, M. Irfan and A. Ahmad. 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment review. Environmental and Experimental Botany 68: 14-25.

Kavikishore, P. B., S. Sangam, R. N. Amrutha, P. Srilaxmi, K. R. Naidu, K. P. Rao, S. Rao, K. J. Reddy, P. Theriappan and N. Sreenivasulu. 2005. Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current Science. 88: 424-438.

Malaga, S., A. Janeczko and F. Janowiak. 2020. In volvement of homocastasterone, salicylic and abscisic acids in the regulation of drought and freezing tolerance in doubled haploid lines of winter barley. Plant Growth Regul. 90: 173–188.

Miller, G., H. Stein, A. Honig, Y. Kapulnik and A. Zilberstein. 2005. Responsive modes of Medicago sativa proline dehydrogenase genes during salt stress and recovery dictate free proline accumulation. Planta 222: 70-79.

Pierre, C. S., J. Petersona, A. Rossa, J. Ohma, M. Verhoerena, M. Larsona and B. Hoefera. 2008. White wheat grain quality changes with genotype, nitrogen fertilization, and water stress. J. Agron Sci. 100: 414-420.

Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Y. Emam, M. Ashraf and M. R. Foolad. 2012. Exogenous application of salicylic acid and chlormequat chloride alleviates negative effects of drought stress in wheat. Adv. Stud. Biol. 11: 501-520.

Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Y. Emam and A. R. Sepaskhah. 2015. Improving barley yield by proper foliar applied salicylic-acid under saline conditions. International Journal of Plant Production. 9 (3): 467-486.

Ren, D., X. Xu, Y. Hao. and G. Huang. 2016. Modeling and assessing field irrigation water use in a canal system of Hetao, upper Yellow River basin: application to maize, sunflower and watermelon. Journal of Hydrology. 532: 122-139.

Roostaee, M., D. Sadeghzadehahari, E. Zadhasan and Y. Arshad. 2003. Study of relationship of wheat grain yield-affecting traits by factor analysis under rain-fed conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 13(1), 1-10.

Shakirova, F. M., and M. V. Bezrukova. 1997. Induction of wheat resistance against environmental salinization by salicylic acid. Biology Bulletin. 24: 109-112.

Shakirova, F. M., A. R. Sakhabutdinova, M. V. Bezrukova, R. A. Fatkhutdinova and D. R. Fatkhutdinova. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Sci. 164: 317–322.

Sharifa, S and A. Muriefah. 2015. Effects of paclobutrazol on growth and physiological attributes of Soybean (Glycine max) plants grown under water stress conditions. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2: 81-93.

Shi, Q and Z. Zhu. 2009. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element contents and antioxidative system in cucumber. Environmental and Experimental Botany.63: 317-326.

Silva, M. D. A., J. L. Jifon, J. A. G. Da. Silva and V. Sharma. 2007. Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Plant Physiology.19: 193-201.

Swati, Z. A., M. Imtiaz, S. Ali and A. Raziuddin. 2000. Potential and relative leaf water content in wheat, Pakistan Journal of Bilogical Science. 3(1): 89-90.

Tirani, M.M., F. Nasibi and K. M. Kalantari. 2013. Interaction of salicylic acid and ethylene and their effects on some physiological and biochemical parameters in canola plants (Brassica napus L.). Photosynthetica. 51, 411–418.

Xiao, X., X. Xu and F. Yang. 2008. Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cothayana populations. Silva Fennica. 42: 705-719.

Zulfiqar, F., J. Chen, P. M. Finnegan, A. Younis, M. Nafees, W. Zorrig and K. B. Hamed. 2021. Application of trehalose and salicylic acid mitigates drought stress in sweet basil and improves plant growth. plants. 10, 1078. 1-14.