ارزیابی شروع گفتمان معلمان زبان انگلیسی در پرتو تجربه تدریس و سطح مهارت فراگیران
Subject Areas : All areas of language and translation
مینا
اسماعیلی
1
(department of English Language ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
Zohreh
Seifoori
2
(Department of English Language, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
Touran
Ahour
3
(Department of English Language, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.)
Keywords: گفتمان کلاسی, سوالات استنباطی, شروع_پاسخ_بازخورد, سوالات مرجع, تجربه ی تدریس,
Abstract :
الگوی غالب در گفتمان کلاس درس ، شروع-پاسخ-بازخورد (IRF) است و شروع معمولاً به شکل سؤالاتی است که معلمانمی‌پرسند. سؤالات ممکن است ارجاعی یا استنباطی باشند و تحقیقات کلاسی بر نقشی که این سؤالات می توانند در برانگیختنپاسخ‌های دانش‌آموزان ایفا کنند، تأکید کرده است که دومی احتمالاً منجر به پاسخ‌های متمرکز بر معنا می شود. با این حال، چیزیکه هنوز نیازمند بررسی است، میزان تمایل معلمان به فعال کردن پردازش معنایی و نحوی دانش‌آموزان با استفاده از سؤالاتمناسب و اینکه چگونه تجربه آنها ممکن است عامل انتخاب سؤالات ارجاعی یا استنباطی در سطوح مختلف مهارتی میباشد است. ازاین رو، مطالعه توصیفی حاضر با هدف مقایسه فراوانی و نوع سؤالات استنباطی و ارجاعی به کار گرفته شده توسط معلمان مبتدیو مجرب برای شروع تعامل در سطوح متوسط پایین (LI) و متوسط بالا (UI) انجام شد. به منظور پژوهش، نمونه ای هدفمندشامل 20 کلاس درس زبان انگلیسی در 9 شعبه یک مؤسسه انگلیسی در تبریز، ایران انتخاب شد. کلاس ها توسط پنج معلم مبتدی وپنج معلم با تجربه تدریس می شد. با استفاده از فرم مشاهدات طراحی شده توسط محقق، رویه های کلاس مشاهده، ثبت و رونویسیشد. داده های رونویسی شده بیشتر با استفاده از سیستم کدگذاری استاندارد شده پیشنهاد شده توسط لانگ و ساتو (1983) به عنوانیک طبقه بندی هفت طبقه ای از توابع سوالات معلم مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که معلمان با تجربه به طورقابل توجهی از سوالات ارجاعی بیشتری در هر دو سطح ‏ متوسط پایین و متوسط بالا استفاده کردند. در مقابل، مشخص شد کهمعلمان مبتدی از سؤالات استنباطی به طور قابل توجهی در هر دو سطح متوسط پایین و متوسط بالا استفاده می کنند. پیامدهایآموزشی یافته ها مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت.
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