بررسی تاثیر عوامل اقتصادی و غیر اقتصادی بر تقاضای انرژی در بخش کشاورزی ایران
Subject Areas : Environmental policy and managementمریم ضیاآبادی 1 , محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی 2
1 - استادیار دانشکده گردشگری، اقتصاد منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست-اقتصاد کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی بم، بم، ایران
2 - استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، اقتصاد منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست-اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
Keywords: سرمایه انسانی, انرژی, بخش کشاورزی, تنوع فعالیت, مارکوف سوئیچینگ-تصحیح خطای برداری,
Abstract :
به دنبال رشد جمعیت، افزایش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و محدودیت منابع انرژی، تقاضای انرژی و عوامل موثر بر آن به موضوع مهمی تبدیل شده است. بررسی مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی ایران نشان می‌دهد که طی سال‌های گذشته به منظور افزایش تولید، اشتغال و امنیت غذایی، مصرف انواع حامل‌های انرژی در این بخش افزایش یافته است. با توجه به اهمیت منابع انرژی و حفاظت محیط زیست، هدف این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر عوامل اقتصادی و غیر اقتصادی بر تقاضای انرژی دربخش کشاورزی ایران طی دوره 1396-1349 با استفاده از روش مارکوف سوئیچینگ- تصحیح خطای برداری می‌باشد. نتایج مطالعه حاکی از آن است که متغیر تولید بخش کشاورزی در هر دو رژیم مارکوف، دارای تاثیر مثبت و معنادار بر تقاضای انرژی در این بخش بوده است. متغیر تنوع فعالیت‌های کشاورزی تاثیر مثبت و معنادار بر مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی داشته است. همچنین تاثیر متغیرهای سرمایه انسانی و آزادسازی تجارت بخش کشاورزی، بر مصرف انرژی در این بخش نیز مثبت و معنادار بوده است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود برای کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست و همچنین جلوگیری از کاهش تولید بخش کشاورزی، سیاست‌های مناسب برای مدیریت و بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی در این بخش اتخاذ شود.
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