Journal of Water Science & Engineering: 2 (27)

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of self-purification potential of Karun River in reducing antibiotic contamination(Case study: two hospitals, Imam Khomeini and Sina)
بیتا باهری ابراهیم رجب زاده قطر می

Background & Purpose: Karun River is the longest and probes most river of Iran, exposed to a variety of wastewaters, including drug pollutants, which have adverse effects on animals and humans. The aim of this study was to calculate the amount of antibiotic entry in More

Background & Purpose: Karun River is the longest and probes most river of Iran, exposed to a variety of wastewaters, including drug pollutants, which have adverse effects on animals and humans. The aim of this study was to calculate the amount of antibiotic entry in the river Volume unit and also to evaluate the power of Karun River in reducing the antibiotic contamination of entrance wastewater from two Imam Khomeini and Sina hospitals at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 kilometers from hospitals 'outlet in summer and winter 2019. Materials & Methods: Sampling was done in dark bottles of a grinding door, the concentration of 5 antibiotics (penicillin J, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, erythromycin and amoxicillin) were high and common and determination of the mean of each was measured using HPLC. Results: The total average of 5 antibiotics in the output of Imam Khomeini and Sina Hospital was between 27.80-68.0 ng/L in summer and 49/84-3/6 ng/L winter. In the summer and winter of the outlet station, both hospitals had the highest concentration of antibiotics and, with the distance from the hospital outlet and at a distance of 2 kilometers, the concentration of each 5 antibiotics (summer 93.0-0 and winter 13/1-0 ng/L) decreased significantly (P<0.05) and 3 kilometers of antibiotics were not measurable. Amoxicillin and Penicillin-J were the highest and lowest concentrations of antibiotic in Karun river water, 1 and 2 kilometers, respectively. In both hospitals, the removal of antibiotics in two seasons of summer and winter, except for penicillin-J, in other antibiotics, there was no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Percentages removal of antibiotics increased by increasing the distance from the discharge site and at 2 km distance of antibiotics such as cefixime, penicillin G and ceftriaxone% of removal to 100% was also reached. In the summer and winter of the hospital, the lowest penicillin-J was found in the output of Imam Khomeini and Sina hospitals, and at intervals of 1 and 2 kilometers in Karun River. Conclusion: Comparison of the amounts of antibiotics in Karun River and PNEC and Lowest MIC standards showed that the values of all antibiotics were higher than the standards considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of time variations trend of water salinity in Dez River hydrometric stations for application in agriculture
سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردی

In this study, the salinity variations trend of Dez River for application in agriculture was evaluated. After the selection of seven hydrometric stations in river path, ten-year meteorological data (2004-2014) were collected and studied. Then, the results have been stud More

In this study, the salinity variations trend of Dez River for application in agriculture was evaluated. After the selection of seven hydrometric stations in river path, ten-year meteorological data (2004-2014) were collected and studied. Then, the results have been studied and classified with Wilcox standards and Ayers and Westcott guides of irrigations water. The results showed that Sepiddasht Sezar, Sepiddasht Zaz, Tang 5 Sezar, and Dezfoul stations are placed in C2-S1 class, in low-risk range of SAR and low-risk range of water salinity which was acceptable for agriculture. Besides, the Tang 5 Bakhtiary station was placed in C2-S1 class in 83-84, 84-85, 85-86, 88-89, and 91-92 years, and in C3-S1 class in 86-87, 87-88, 89-90, 90-91, 92-93, and 93-94 years. In Addition, Harmaleh and Bamdezh stations were placed in C3-S1 class that was in the low-risk range for SAR and low-risk range of water salinity. Therefore, there was not any problem with application in agriculture by the appropriate management of salinity control and using land proper drainage. As a classification of irrigation water quality with FAO method, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfate were normal, and using Bicarbonate, the entire stations were faced with medium limitations. Also, using Chlorine, just Bamdezh station was faced with limitations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The study and evaluation of fixed classic rain irrigation system with moving sprinkler and comparision of spray pattern by using the surfer software (Aleshtar city of Lorestan state)
مریم قربانی یداله یوسفی فرد منوچهر دانش زاد

For a long time, Iran faces to water deficit problem in agriculture. According to low random of irrigation, one of the economic ways in water use is repairing the irrigation systems such pressured irrigation and its extension. In this study the results of soil quality e More

For a long time, Iran faces to water deficit problem in agriculture. According to low random of irrigation, one of the economic ways in water use is repairing the irrigation systems such pressured irrigation and its extension. In this study the results of soil quality experiments and experimental farm water gage, show that the soils had low range of SAR and EC and were in normal group in C2-S1 class. According to the results, the water and soil quality of this farmlands, has no limitation for sprinkler irrigation. The results of water distributions uniformity on low quarter, the Christiansen uniformity coefficient and Co-depth curves showed CU and DU values for the A. H, M, V and S was less than Meryam and Koler suggested values for CU and DU. Also the results show the full irrigation was happened in A, H, M farms, and deficit irrigation was happened in V, S farms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ahvaz Water and Sewerage Network EOP project in terms of environment and emergencies
محمد رضا فرشادی سعید حاجی علی گل جواد احدیان

In the present article, the existing problems in the water and sewage system of Ahvaz city have been studied. In this regard, all components of the system have been evaluated and their vulnerability in the event of unexpected events has been considered. According to the More

In the present article, the existing problems in the water and sewage system of Ahvaz city have been studied. In this regard, all components of the system have been evaluated and their vulnerability in the event of unexpected events has been considered. According to the studies performed, among all the unexpected accidents, floods can cause the most damage to the water supply and sewerage network of Ahvaz. In this study, the system was identified for all contingencies. Finally, based on system deficiencies, operational problems, and network hardware, an emergency plan (EOP) was proposed to deal with anticipated accidents. In this project, the issue of training all personnel from operators to senior managers was examined and the program was proposed. According to the studies performed and also the analysis of the performance of different accidents and predicting the percentage of destruction of each of them on different parts of the water distribution and transmission network and considering the long life of most water transmission and distribution pipes in Ahvaz and severe decay in some parts Earthquake was identified as the most devastating event that could happen to the network and various parts of the treatment plant and water storage sources, followed by floods and finally fires as the third priority. This project is planned to cooperate with the staff of Ahwaz Water and Sewerage Company in response to emergencies of water and sewage system. The application and success of this program depends on the accuracy of its contents. This program is an application tool that must be maintained and regularly updated due to changes in the water and sewage system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Determining water productivity in Andimeshk water farms of Khuzestan
ایمان هرمزی نژاد

With limited water resources and the effects of climate change in recent decades As well as increasing the needs of the industrial, drinking and environmental sectors, water consumption in the agricultural sector as the main consumer of water resources should be control More

With limited water resources and the effects of climate change in recent decades As well as increasing the needs of the industrial, drinking and environmental sectors, water consumption in the agricultural sector as the main consumer of water resources should be controlled in favor of other sectors. In this regard, determining and analyzing water productivity indicators can be a good solution for correct policies for the production of agricultural and non-agricultural products in the pursuit of maximum profit, sustainable development, food security, productive employment and the like. It was enough to determine the correct water consumption. The CPD index can be used as an indicator to evaluate the annual changes in agricultural water productivity in the country. This study was conducted to determine water productivity by calculating the CPD index in farms under dominant cultivation in the region, including cereals, vegetables, weeds and forage crops in Andimeshk region of Khuzestan in three cropping years of 89-88, 90-89 and 91-90. The results showed that the average water productivity in onion is 1.01, tomato 0.94, watermelon 0.88, cucumber 0.84 and wheat 0.76 (kg/m3) among which onion is the most correct consumption in terms of utilization. Water and wheat had the highest water consumption in the study area Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigation of fixed classical sprinkler irrigation systems with variable sprinklers in Isfahan province
مسعود فرزام نیا حسین دهقانی سانیج

In this study, fixed classic sprinkler irrigation systems with mobile sprinklers implemented in 15 farms in Isfahan province were evaluated. The users of the mentioned systems were relatively satisfied and believed that changing the system from surface irrigation to spr More

In this study, fixed classic sprinkler irrigation systems with mobile sprinklers implemented in 15 farms in Isfahan province were evaluated. The users of the mentioned systems were relatively satisfied and believed that changing the system from surface irrigation to sprinkler irrigation has reduced water consumption and increased the area under cultivation and as a result has increased income, but has reduced unit yield and product quality. Most farms were in windy areas, with an average windfall loss of 20%. The average values of uniformity of water distribution and uniformity of systems were 58 and 65, respectively, and were classified into three quality groups: "poor", relatively good and good. The maximum, minimum and average values for the lowest potential quadrant (PELQs) application efficiencies were 72, 19 and 48, respectively, and for the lowest quadrant (AELQs) application efficiencies were 66, 14 and 41%, respectively. Most farms were under-irrigated and this is why the values of the last two parameters are close. According to the obtained results, the country is facing water and energy shortages, small land ownership and, most importantly, climate restrictions, the use of these systems can not be effective without careful management and supervision. It is better to replace them with medium pressure sprinkler irrigation systems (small sprinklers) or low pressure systems in general. Manuscript profile

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