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Open Access Article
1 - Optimal Scheduling of CHP-based Microgrid Under Real-Time Demand Response Program
Hamed Pashaei-Didani Kazem Zare Sayyad NojavanMicrogrid (MG) is considered as a feasible solution to integrate the distributed energy sources. In this paper, optimal scheduling of a grid-connected MG is investigated considering different power sources as combined heat and power (CHP) units, only power and heat gene MoreMicrogrid (MG) is considered as a feasible solution to integrate the distributed energy sources. In this paper, optimal scheduling of a grid-connected MG is investigated considering different power sources as combined heat and power (CHP) units, only power and heat generating units, and battery storage systems. Two different feasible operating regions are considered for the CHP units. In addition, heat buffer tank and the CHP units are used to meet heat demand of the MG. In order to investigate the impact of demand response programs on the optimal scheduling of the MG, time-of-use (TOU) and real-time pricing (RTP) rates of demand response programs (DRP) are implemented. To do so, the problem is solved in three case studies as RTP-DRP, TOU-DRP, and without DRP. Based on the obtained results, total energy procumbent cost of the MG is reduced about 2.54% and 6.66% after applying the TOU and RTP demand response programs in comparison with the without DRP case., respectively. The problem is formulated as MILP and solved under CLPX solver in the GAMS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Optimal Energy Procurement of Smart Large Consumers Incorporating Parking Lot, Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Program
Mehrdad Ghahramani Kazem zare Behnam Mohammadi IvatlooLarge commercial and industrial loads known as large energy consumers are always seeking to reduce their energy costs and consequently they are utilizing renewable and non-renewable energy sources in procurement of their required energy. Use of renewable energy sources MoreLarge commercial and industrial loads known as large energy consumers are always seeking to reduce their energy costs and consequently they are utilizing renewable and non-renewable energy sources in procurement of their required energy. Use of renewable energy sources (RESs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) parking lot without proper planning will make technical and economic problems for the owner of the large consumers. This study provides a model for energy management of a smart large consumer (SLC), concluding PHEVs parking lot, RESs (photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines (WT)) and non-renewable sources (fuel cell (FC), micro-turbine (MT)). In this study, an optimal exploitation for the PHEVs parking is proposed, which has the potential of utilizing as an energy generation source with the goal of reducing operational costs of SLC. In addition, this study considers the demand response (DR) program as an energy source and reducing the costs. The purpose of objective function is decreasing the operation cost of SLC to the minimum amount while considering physical and technical constraints of the sources. The proposed model is considered both DR programs and PHEVs parking lot, and the results of the simulation illustrated the positive impact of the demand response program (DRP) and parking lot in reducing operation costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effects of Electricity Boiler on Integrated CCHP-Thermal-Heat Only Unit Commitment Problem Based on Hybrid GA Approach
Mohammad Esmaeil NazariCombined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit comm MoreCombined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emission cost and valve-point effects are considered, the utilization of CCHP units in an integrated CCHP-thermal-heat system results in environmental emission and total cost reduction by and 38.37 and 0.03% respectively. Also, using electricity boiler, environmental emission and total cost reduction of 0.53 and 0.03 are reached, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Power Quality Monitor Placement Using a Tri-level Approach
Leila kamyabi Saeid EsmaeiliFinding minimum number of connecting lines is as important as locating power quality monitors (PQMs) for full observability of power system. Therefore, a PQM placement method should determine both optimum buses and lines, since utilities can make better decisions for mo MoreFinding minimum number of connecting lines is as important as locating power quality monitors (PQMs) for full observability of power system. Therefore, a PQM placement method should determine both optimum buses and lines, since utilities can make better decisions for monitoring of power system with this information. This paper attempted to propose a new method to locate the PQMs at various unobservability depths. In this method, the problem of placement is solved on three levels, taking into account the limited number of channels required for measuring each bus. At the first level of this method, the optimum combination of zero injection buses (ZIBs) is achieved. At the second level, different combinations of connecting lines are produced, while the third level determines the best location of monitors in different nuobservability depths. In addition, the third level identifies the critical buses and their effects on the number and location of monitors. Moreover, the best location for installing monitors and the number of channels required by equipment in each depth will be specified. The results of applying the new method on 14-bus IEEE network demonstrate the ideal performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Survey on the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Power Flow Components
Ferinar Moaidi Masoud Aliakbar GolkarTurning to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is the most logical politics in securing the modern society from critical changes in earth increasing temperature. However, Distributed Generation (DG) sources could lead to new challenges in electricity network, mainly allocati MoreTurning to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is the most logical politics in securing the modern society from critical changes in earth increasing temperature. However, Distributed Generation (DG) sources could lead to new challenges in electricity network, mainly allocation of DG sources in distribution level of power system will set the existing network under stress of power flow parameters. The generated alternation in lines current, voltage profile and power loss will make a mutation in operator optimal decision. This paper will present a detailed survey on DG impact on power flow components violation. Also, some advanced issues such as difficulty in transformers tap changer, capacitors and power quality problems (i.e. intermediate harmonic interference, transient over voltage) will be addressed by the paper. The research shows a necessity to multi-level load consideration in active distribution networks due to DG existence. The study clarifies main problems in DG application from electricity distribution system operator aspect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Trajectory Tracking Weeled Mobile Robot Using Backstepping Method with Connection off Axle Trailer
Mohammad Hossein Ezeddin lou Alireza MohmmadionThe connection of the tractor to the inactive trailer or motor vehicle causes a motion control problem when turning in the screw, forward or backward movements and high speeds. This is due to the inactive trailer being controlled by the tracking using a physical link th MoreThe connection of the tractor to the inactive trailer or motor vehicle causes a motion control problem when turning in the screw, forward or backward movements and high speeds. This is due to the inactive trailer being controlled by the tracking using a physical link that is not affected by the movement. Trailers usually take tracks under these conditions. This phenomenon is called Jack Knife. The problem of motion control is challenging because it is a non-holonomic 4-degree complex system (for a multi-trailer system, n + 3 degrees freedom), and the kinematics of this system are difficult to calculate due to the non-linearity and coupling of the relationships. This is an unstable dynamic system and increases the input restrictions of the robot by adding the Jack Knife phenomenon, even if we move it in a direct direction. So in this paper we are trying to use a off axial connection method to create a new idea for easy control for trajectory tracking time varying of a trailer system, or even extending it to a multi-trailer system, by turning it into a wheel mobile robot system that is very easy to control and You can create trailer inputs by creating a link through an off-axle link, with a non-linear backstepping control method of verification Manuscript profile
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