Seed dormancy

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1 - بررسی خواب بذر و تولید بذر مصنوعی در گیاه دارویی کلپوره (Teucrium polium L.)
سعیده سعادت احمد مجد لطفعلی ناصری علیرضا ایرانبخش مراد جعفری

کلپوره(Teucrium polium L.) گیاه دارویی مهم از خانواده نعنا (Lamiaceae) است که در معرض انقراض بوده و خواب بذر و جوانه‌زنی ضعیف آن از مشکلات اصلی زراعی آن می‌باشد. در این پژوهش اثر 14 تیمار مختلف متشکل از جیبرلیک اسید، اسید سولفوریک و سرمادهی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی ب أکثر

کلپوره(Teucrium polium L.) گیاه دارویی مهم از خانواده نعنا (Lamiaceae) است که در معرض انقراض بوده و خواب بذر و جوانه‌زنی ضعیف آن از مشکلات اصلی زراعی آن می‌باشد. در این پژوهش اثر 14 تیمار مختلف متشکل از جیبرلیک اسید، اسید سولفوریک و سرمادهی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی شکستن خواب بذر کلپوره مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد بین تیمارهای مختلف تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشته و بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذور در تیمار با اسید سولفوریک 98 درصد به مدت 15 دقیقه و محلول اسید جیبرلیک (ppm1000) به مدت 120 ساعت در دمای 4 درجه سانتی گراد و کمترین آن در تیمارهای خیساندن در آب و نگهداری در دمای 4 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت دو هفته و کشت در محیط کشتMS مشاهده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اعمال تیمار اسید سولفوریک و اسید جیبرلیک به همراه سرمادهی منجر به بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی بذور کلپوره شده که دال بر آن است که خواب بذر در کلپوره از نوع فیزیکی- فیزیولوژیک است. نتایج نشان داد که بذرهای مصنوعی با خاستگاه مریستم نسبت به بذرهای مصنوعی با خاستگاه رویان سوماتیکی تحت شرایط نگهداری اتاق رشد و یخچال از نظر درصد جوانه‌زنی، تولید ریشه و ساقه بهتر بوده‌ است. بنابراین با روش‌های مذکور می‌توان مشکل زراعی این گیاه را برطرف نموده و با تولید بذر مصنوعی، از انقراض آن جلوگیری کرده و مواد اولیه‌ی کافی برای تولید داروهای مختلف با منشأ این گیاه را تأمین کرد. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف شکست خواب بذر بر جوانه‌زنی گونه اسپرس درختی (Taverniera cuneifolia)
محمد پیچند قاسمعلی دیانتی تیلکی حسین مرادی

10.30495/iper.2022.1947301.1756

گیاه اسپرس درختی (Taverniera cuneifolia) از خانواده Fabaceae، یکی از گونه‌های گیاهی ارزشمند و سازگار با مناطق بیابانی است که از نظر تولید علوفه، حفاظت خاک و ارزش دارویی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. تحقیق حاضر به‌ منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف شکست خواب و تحریک جوانه‌زنی بذر أکثر

گیاه اسپرس درختی (Taverniera cuneifolia) از خانواده Fabaceae، یکی از گونه‌های گیاهی ارزشمند و سازگار با مناطق بیابانی است که از نظر تولید علوفه، حفاظت خاک و ارزش دارویی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. تحقیق حاضر به‌ منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف شکست خواب و تحریک جوانه‌زنی بذر گیاه T.cuneifolia انجام گردید. تیمارهای اسیدسولفوریک 50 و 75 درصد (به مدت 5 و 10 دقیقه)، خراش‌دهی با کاغذ سمباده به مدت 1 دقیقه، نیترات پتاسیم 1/0 و 2/0 درصد (به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت)، آب داغ 70 و 90 درجه سانتی‌گراد (به مدت 15 دقیقه) و خیساندن در آب معمولی به مدت 36 ساعت با سه تکرار بر روی بذور اسپرس درختی اعمال شد. در پایان آزمایش طول ریشه‌چه، طول ساقه‌چه، درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی، شاخص بنیه بذر برای تیمارهای مختلف محاسبه گردید. در تیمار اسیدسولفوریک 75 درصد (برای مدت زمان 5 دقیقه) سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذر و شاخص بنیه بذر بیشترین مقدار و میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی بذر کمترین مقدار را داشتند. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی بذرها (78 درصد) در اثر اعمال تیمار اسیدسولفوریک 75 درصد (برای مدت زمان 5 دقیقه) بوده است. تیمار خراش‌دهی با کاغذ سمباده نیز اثر قابل‌توجهی بر افزایش درصد جوانه‌زنی (76 درصد) نشان داد؛ بنابراین به‌طورکلی می‌توان عنوان کرد که مناسب‌ترین تیمار جهت شکست خواب بذر گیاه اسپرس درختی اسیدسولفوریک 75 درصد به مدت 5 دقیقه و خراش‌دهی با سمباده به واسطه نرم کردن پوسته می‌تواند سبب بهبود جوانه‌زنی بذر گردد. تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - Effects of temperature and seed aged on seed dormancy breaking and germination characteristics of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.
ساره ظفریان سعدالله هوشمند وحید روحی

Background & Aim: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (Apiaceae) is one of the medicinal plants and endemic in Zagros Mountains, Iran, which unfortunately due to illegal harvest is endangered. In order to break dormancy and to evaluation of effect of different treatments أکثر

Background & Aim: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (Apiaceae) is one of the medicinal plants and endemic in Zagros Mountains, Iran, which unfortunately due to illegal harvest is endangered. In order to break dormancy and to evaluation of effect of different treatments on traits a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design was created on the seed zone Sar-aghaseyed functions in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, in four replications in Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran. The treatments were included three temperatures 4, 8 and 22 °C and years in the successive years 2009 and 2010. Experimental: In this experiment, germination characteristics, rootlet length and diameter, hypocotyls, and petiole, and also leaf length and width were recorded 100 days after planting. The results indicated germination was affected significantly (pResults & Discussion: The traits means comparison of 4 °C and 8 °C degreases indicated all the traits were expressed better in 8 °C degrees with the exception of germination, However leaf length and width were significantly (p Industrial and Practical Recommendations: Since the most important reason in decreasing the percentage of this plant is the rate of sleep duration of seed, using the findings of this research can help to decrease the duration of germination and, as a result, to domesticate this kind of medicinal plant. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - The Effect of Cold and Acid Scarification on Seed Germination of Three Green Space Tree Species
Bahareh Deltalab Nayyere Naziri Moghaddam Mojtaba Khorrami Raad Behzad Kaviani

Seed germination of some woody species is done with difficulty and at a low rate due to various reasons, including physiological and mechanical dormancy and the presence of inhibitory substances in the seed tissues. Priming is one of the most important treatments to inc أکثر

Seed germination of some woody species is done with difficulty and at a low rate due to various reasons, including physiological and mechanical dormancy and the presence of inhibitory substances in the seed tissues. Priming is one of the most important treatments to increase the germination capacity of seeds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatments of stratification and sulfuric acid on the growth and germination percentage of Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima and Fraxinus excelsior seeds. This research was done as factorial in the randomized completely block design with two factors; plant and stratification in four replications. The results showed that the highest percentage of germination (72%) was obtained in the 50% sulfuric acid treatment on R. pseudoacacia, seeds and the lowest one (18 and 12%) in the control and 95% sulfuric acid treatments on F. excelsior seeds, respectively. The overall results of this research showed that the best stratification treatment for most of the measured traits was 50% sulfuric acid and 3°C cold for 20 days. تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Germination Enhancement and Primary Establishment of Three Medicinal Plants
Ghasem Esmaeili Askar Ghani Seyyed Morteza Jabbarifar Nastaran Hemmati

Lack of cultivation of some Apiaceae family plants caused damage and uncontrolled exploitation of pastures and severe fluctuations in these plant markets. Therefore, efforts are essential to study the domestication of these species. For germination enhancement of three أکثر

Lack of cultivation of some Apiaceae family plants caused damage and uncontrolled exploitation of pastures and severe fluctuations in these plant markets. Therefore, efforts are essential to study the domestication of these species. For germination enhancement of three species including Dorema aucheri Boiss., Echinophora cinerea (Boiss.) Hedge & Lamondand Ferulag oangulata (Schlescht.) Boiss., six experiments in laboratory and greenhouse conditions were designed and performed during 2017-2018. At first, a completely randomized design factorial experiment with two factors (the first factor including 13 treatments consisted of stratification, soaking in GA3 or KNO3 and the second factor including stratification temperature consisted of 5, 10 and 15°C) was executed. In the second experiment, seedlings establishment was investigated in the different substrates. The results indicated that different treatments such as chilling, GA3, KNO3, and their integration had a low effect on Dorema aucheri seed germination. The effect of stratification at 4°C for 45 days on Echinophora cinerea (97.8%) and at 15°C for 45 days on Ferulago angulata (97.8%) was so clear on germination factors. The use of different growth media showed that studied species require relatively light medium and moisture during and after germination. Accordingly, mixed soil and cocopeat with 1:1 was the best substrate. It should be noted that the suitable medium for the primary growth of seeds was very similar to their natural habitats. تفاصيل المقالة

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6 - Autecology of Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad) in Gonabad Desert, Iran
Nastaran Kahrom Mohammad Farzam Mansoor Mesdaghi

10.30495/rs.2022.682499

Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the major medicinal plants, naturally growing in deserts of Middle East and North Africa. Extending cultivation of this species is useful for sand dune fixation and livelihood of the local inhabitants. In spite of numerous stu أکثر

Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the major medicinal plants, naturally growing in deserts of Middle East and North Africa. Extending cultivation of this species is useful for sand dune fixation and livelihood of the local inhabitants. In spite of numerous studies on seed germination, there are still debates on the best methods of breaking seed dormancy for colocynth. Moreover, seed morphology, phonological stages and habitat conditions of this species is almost unravelled. This study was conducted in 2016-2020 at Gonabad desert, Iran. We established five line transects of 200 m and five plots of 4×4 m, and vegetation parameters, phenology and root morphology, soil charactristics of colocynth were measured. The pH varied between 7.0-7.5 in bare soil and 8.0-8.1 under the canopy of colocynth habitat. The soil of study area was classified as slightly saline. Two weeks pre-chilling at 4°C and night -day temperature range from 25-40°C significantly increased seed germination. In our study area, colocynth was detected as a perennial forb with long and ligneous roots (more than120 cm). Its vegetative growth starts in middle of May, seed ripening and shedding occur in October and November. Average fruit volume was 2.62 cm3 and seed number counted in each fruit varied between 250 to 420 by the length of 4-7 and 2-4 mm width. Big size fruits contained the highest seed numbers. The best harvesting time in terms of both economic value and seed viability is ripening of fruits. تفاصيل المقالة

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7 - Effect of Different Treatments on Improving Seed Germination Characteristics of Astragalus adscendens and Astragalus podolobus
Ali Tavili Mahsa Mirdashtvan Rezvan Alijani Masoud Yousefi Salman Zare

Nowadays, in many rangelands, due to over grazing, and problems that some plantshave in germination, the rate of forage production is greatly reduced. So to take advantages ofthe benefits of such plants, it is necessary to identify and remove barriers of germination and أکثر

Nowadays, in many rangelands, due to over grazing, and problems that some plantshave in germination, the rate of forage production is greatly reduced. So to take advantages ofthe benefits of such plants, it is necessary to identify and remove barriers of germination andestablishment of suitable plants. The present study was designed to investigate differenttreatments of breaking dormancy and stimulating seed germination of Astragalus adscendensand Astragalus podolobus and offer the most effective treatment to enhance germination andgrowth rate. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD)with four replications. Treatments included hot water for 5 minute, 30% hydrogen peroxide for5 minute, 98% sulfuric acid for 5 minute and chilling at 4°C for 10 days. Data were collectedfor seed germination percentage, Germination Rate (GR) and Mean Germination Time(MGT). Based on the results, treatment with 98% sulfuric acid for 5 min for A. adscendensand hot water for 5 min for A. podolobus were the best treatments to break dormancy andstimulate seed germination, so that the germination percentage increased from 44% to 82% inA. adscendens and from 28% to 62% in A. podolobus. In A. adscendens 98% sulfuric acidreduced the amount of MGT from 8 days for control treatment to 5 days. In A. podolobus hotwater treatment was more effective on MGT reduction and reduced it from 7 to 5 days.Although sulfuric acid had the highest effect in breaking dormancy, but its application in avast scale is not easy, therefore the hot water was suggested as the substitution treatment. تفاصيل المقالة

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8 - The Effect of Flowering Time on Seed Dormancy Breaking of Almond
A. Torabi A. Imani

10.22034/jon.2010.515763

Seed’s dormancy is considered as one of the effective factors in seeds germination and consequently in the growth of seeds of many plant species. Shortening the dormancy period and enhancing the germination percentage in fruit types could be a valuable strategy fo أکثر

Seed’s dormancy is considered as one of the effective factors in seeds germination and consequently in the growth of seeds of many plant species. Shortening the dormancy period and enhancing the germination percentage in fruit types could be a valuable strategy for the seed researchers and plant nurseries. In this research the seeds of mature fruits of different almond cultivars including late-very late flowering (Sahand), mid-late flowering (Touno) and early-very early flowering (Najafabad)cultivars with hard shells after being collected and prepared, were separated from the hull and were preserved under 18% dry moisture till the beginning of the experiment in a proper place. Seeds were disinfected with 2%TMTD® (Tetramethyl thiuram disulphide) fungicide solution for 30 minutes. Treated seeds, with and without endocarp, were stratified at 4 ◦C for 1–15 weeks. The numbers of germinated seeds were recorded weekly for each cultivar. The seeds were examined during cold stratification 4°C due with a view to the germination once a week. The results showed that different treatments have significant effect on the decrease of the time of different cultivars’ seed germination; in other words, on the decrease of the chilling requirement in them. In hard shell seeds of Touno, Sahand and Najafabad cultivars with different flowering time had higher germination rate and uniformity, respectively تفاصيل المقالة

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9 - The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Chilling Stratification on Seed Germination of Eastern Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.)
P. Parvin M. Khezri I. Tavasolian H. Hosseini

10.22034/jon.2015.515650

Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is used as a rootstock for the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) in some parts of the world and also has an important role in forestry and wood industry. Due to the deep physiological dormancy, the seed often shows an inconsistent أکثر

Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is used as a rootstock for the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) in some parts of the world and also has an important role in forestry and wood industry. Due to the deep physiological dormancy, the seed often shows an inconsistent or low germination percentage, making establishment difficult. This experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with eight treatments and 16 replicates in a controlled greenhouse. The objective of this study was to determine the best treatment of breaking dormancy. Treatment groups consisted of seed priming with GA3 (400 and 800 ppm) solution for 24 hours, chilling stratification (one month and two months) and the combined treatments of chilling stratification and GA3. Results showed that the germination rate for separate application of both concentrations of GA3 and one month chilling treatment was zero, as no seeds germinated. The highest percentage of seed germination (69.27 %) was recorded with the combined treatment of two months chilling and GA3 (400 ppm). Also, this treatment showed significant differences for morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters compared to other treatments. It was found that the application of the combined treatment of chilling stratification and GA3 was effective in increasing seed germination percentage and rate as well as improving growth parameters of Eastern black walnut seedlings. تفاصيل المقالة

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