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حرية الوصول المقاله
1 - A Comparative Study of Persian Translations of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Cultural Gain and Loss in Focus
Bahareh Khazaeenezhad Sara TaheriDiscrepant cultural systems of languages are more likely to reflect challenges for translators maintaining the cultural dynamics of translation. Such perspective is mostly highlighted in the translation of literary texts where the main parts of the equation are language أکثرDiscrepant cultural systems of languages are more likely to reflect challenges for translators maintaining the cultural dynamics of translation. Such perspective is mostly highlighted in the translation of literary texts where the main parts of the equation are language and culture. The present study aims to investigate cultural, historical and religious loss or gain in the translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) along with the rendering procedures used by the translators. To this end, through a comparative analytical and descriptive method based on (Vinay & Darbelent Model, 1995), culture-specific items of three Persian translations ofthe Huckleberry Finnstory were extracted and divided into three subcategories of cultural, historical, and religious; consequently, the procedures applied by the translators which led to the cultural loss or gain were analyzed. The findings demonstrated that the first translation by Mohebbi had the highest degree of loss (17.16%), and the third translation by Daryabandari had the highest degree of gain (41.58%). Also, the highest frequency of lost items belonged to the cultural type with %6/31 in the first translation by Mohebbi and %2/52 in the second translation by Pirnazar. The findings indicated that the policies and normative differences of societies in different periods had an undeniable impact on the transmission of concepts which reflects the degree of loss and gain in translation. The result of the present study could be thought-provoking for psychoanalytical studies on the translator’s decision-making. تفاصيل المقالة -
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2 - Rendering Strategies in Culture-Specific Items: Taboo Expressions in IRIB’s Dubbed Hollywood Movies
Mahmood Hashemian Azizullah Mirzaei Maryam HosseiniTranslators face a number of difficulties while translating. Not only translation of cultural elements is of utmost importance in translation studies, but also it is an arduous task for translators, especially in the case of interlingual translation. One of the biggest أکثرTranslators face a number of difficulties while translating. Not only translation of cultural elements is of utmost importance in translation studies, but also it is an arduous task for translators, especially in the case of interlingual translation. One of the biggest concerns of audiovisual translators is culture-specific items amongst which taboo expressions are included. This study aimed at investigating the applied strategies in the translation of taboo expressions, from English into Persian, in 5 Hollywood dubbed movies by IRIB; namely, Family Business (1989), Lethal Weapon 3 (1992), Sudden Death (1995), Welcome to Collinwood (2002), and Anacondas (2004). Establishing this research, the original movies were compared with their dubbed Persian versions. Hence, the taboo expressions were extracted and compared with their Persian translations in the dubbed versions. Based on Venuti’s (1995) strategies in translation studies (i.e., domestication and foreignization), the results were interpreted. Analysis of the relevant data indicated χ2 (12, N = 5) = 23.08, p = 0, considering **p %), was the topmost used strategy in the rendition of the taboo expressions. تفاصيل المقالة -
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3 - A Study of Persian Translation of Cultural Elements in Waltari’s The Egyptian
Mohadese Karimi Neda Fatehi RadThis study sought to investigate translation strategies in translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) in Persian translation of ‘The Egyptian’ novel by Mika Waltari. To this end, it benefited from corpus-based comparative content analysis design within a q أکثرThis study sought to investigate translation strategies in translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) in Persian translation of ‘The Egyptian’ novel by Mika Waltari. To this end, it benefited from corpus-based comparative content analysis design within a qualitative approach. The corpus of this study consisted of 150 pages of the novel ‘The Egyptian’ by Mika Waltari along with their Persian translations by Zabihollah Mansouri, which were selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis included parallel comparison of the source text and its translation in terms of the occurrence of different types of translation strategies used in the translations. Furthermore, statistical procedures which were conducted consisted of calculation of frequency and percentage of different translation strategies (to identify the most and least frequent strategies) and chi-square test (to see if there is a significant difference between the frequencies of different strategies used by the translator). The results of data analysis showed that the translator has used the following translation strategies: Calque, equivalence, adaptation, literal translation, modulation and omission. Moreover, it was found that the most frequent strategy was calque. Furthermore, the lowest frequency belonged to modulation and omission. In addition, a significant difference was revealed between the frequencies of different translation strategies. The findings have some implications for translation students, translation teachers, and translators. تفاصيل المقالة -
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4 - Culture-specific Items: Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner in Machine and Human Persian Translation
Homa Fadaei Neda Fatehi RadThe present descriptive study aimed at investigating the human and machine Persian translations of The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini, and comparing the applied translation strategies in the translated texts for culture-specific items (CSI). To this end, based on Newmar أکثرThe present descriptive study aimed at investigating the human and machine Persian translations of The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini, and comparing the applied translation strategies in the translated texts for culture-specific items (CSI). To this end, based on Newmark’s (1988) category, the applied strategies were identified in the two translations and compared. The obtained results showed that Naturalization and Transposition strategies were the most frequently-used strategies by both human translators and machine translation. The results also showed that machine translation could not present a comprehensible translation due to overuse of these strategies (75%). It was further revealed that the spirit of the original text was not lost in the translated versions due to the closeness of Iranian and Afghan cultures. In fact, the translated versions kept the real beauty and creativity of the original work. However, the remorseful theme of the source text was kept intact to a great extent in the human translation of the novel, while machine translation lost it. Thus, the general impression is that culture-specific terms make it difficult for the machine translation to achieve complete word-for-word and semantic equivalence, and that the human translator must have a broad knowledge of the literature and traditions of both the source and target languages. تفاصيل المقالة -
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5 - Translation and Culture: A Case Study of Culture-specific Items in the Persian Renderings of The Alchemist
Ehsan HonarjouThis study aimed at investigating domestication and foreignization strategies in Persian translations of The Alchemist by Coelho based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s taxonomy. To this end, the study benefited from a corpus-based comparative content analysis design withi أکثرThis study aimed at investigating domestication and foreignization strategies in Persian translations of The Alchemist by Coelho based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s taxonomy. To this end, the study benefited from a corpus-based comparative content analysis design within a qualitative approach. The corpus of this study consisted of 80 pages of the mentioned novel, selected through simple random sampling, and their Persian translations by Hejazi and Ghahreman. Analysis of the elicited data was conducted using descriptive statistics (i.e., calculation of frequency and percentage of domestication and foreignization strategies and chi-square test. The results obtained from data analysis showed that Hejazi has used the following strategies: Calque (foreignization), equivalence (domestication), adaptation (domestication), and literal translation (foreignization). In like manner, the results revealed that Ghahreman too has used calque (foreignization), equivalence (domestication), adaptation (domestication), literal translation (foreignization), modulation (domestication), and omission (domestication) in translating the culture-specific items (CSIs). This finding approves the previously-conducted research findings that the difficulty in translating cultural aspects of language forces translators to utilize a variety of translation strategies in rendering them. تفاصيل المقالة -
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6 - Persian Translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland: Venuti’s Domestication/Foreignization Dichotomy in Focus
Fatemeh Jafari ویدا رحیمی نژادTranslation of cultural-specific items (CSIs) has always been a challenge for translators. To overcome this problem, translators employ different strategies. The purpose of the current study was to analyze Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) in an English translation of Alice أکثرTranslation of cultural-specific items (CSIs) has always been a challenge for translators. To overcome this problem, translators employ different strategies. The purpose of the current study was to analyze Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) in an English translation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland based on Venuti’s Domestication/Foreignization dichotomy. The design of the study was a descriptive one. Thus, the translation strategies used in the translations were identified and compared. The results indicated that domestication was the most pervasive strategy in the translation of Pirzad and Haran. Contrasting each ST-TT pair of the first part of the corpus, seventy-one examples of culture–specific samples were manually collected and systematically classified into six procedures of domestication strategy including Explanation, Addition, Cultural Equivalence, Cultural Adjustment, Deletion, Syntactic Adjustment, and three procedures of foreignization strategy; namely, Transliteration (loan word), Literal translation, and Calque. The findings revealed that domestication was far more frequently used in TT1 (93/13%) compared to foreignization (6/83%), while in TT2, domestication (87/64%) was more frequent compared to foreignization (12/31%). The most frequent culture-specific items in TT1 and TT2 related to this category were idioms, measuring systems, and food. تفاصيل المقالة -
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7 - A Study of Culture-Specific Items in “Inferno” from English into Persian on the Basis of Vinay and Darbelnet’s Classification
سید سهام الدین سید محسن Mahshad TasnimiThere have always been problems translating culture-specific items because of the differences between the source and target language cultures. For example, differences exist between languages regarding religions, rituals, clothes, food, and communication norms, though s أکثرThere have always been problems translating culture-specific items because of the differences between the source and target language cultures. For example, differences exist between languages regarding religions, rituals, clothes, food, and communication norms, though some cultures may be extremely close. The present study aimed to examine the strategies used to translate the culture-specific items in the novel “Inferno” (Brown, 2013) from English into Persian by the Iranian translator Manizhe Jalali (2013). The data was first extracted from the source text based on Newmark’s (1988) and Aixela’s (1996) theoretical models. Then, Vinay and Darbelnet’s classification (1958) was applied to find the strategies used by the translator to render culture-specific items. To achieve the study's goal, the researcher extracted 1000 culture-specific items from the novel “Inferno.” The Persian translations of these items were studied using a corpus-based and descriptive design to recognize the equivalents chosen by the translator. The content analysis results indicated that the translator used 12 different types of strategies: borrowing, literal translation, adaptation, explicitation, generalization, amplification, transposition, calque, particularization, reduction, equivalence, and implicitation. The results also showed that borrowing, literal translation, and amplification were the most prevailing and frequently applied translation procedures, while equivalence, particularization, implicitation, and transposition were the least frequently utilized ones. It was also found that no modulation strategy was used regarding culture-specific items in the translation of the novel “Inferno” from English into Persian. The results of this study are helpful for general readers, translators, and translation teachers to select the more appropriate translation strategies, which results in a better understanding of literary books. تفاصيل المقالة -
حرية الوصول المقاله
8 - Culture-Specific Items in the English into Persian Translation of Inferno: Applying the Classification of Vinay and Darbelnet
Seyed Sahameddin Seyed Mohsen Mahshad TasnimiThere have always been problems translating culture-specific items because of the differences between the source and target language cultures. For example, differences exist between languages regarding religions, rituals, clothes, food, and communication norms, though s أکثرThere have always been problems translating culture-specific items because of the differences between the source and target language cultures. For example, differences exist between languages regarding religions, rituals, clothes, food, and communication norms, though some cultures may be extremely close. The present study aimed to examine the strategies used to translate the culture-specific items in the novel “Inferno” (Brown, 2013) from English into Persian by the Iranian translator Manizhe Jalali (2013). The data was first extracted from the source text based on Newmark’s (1988) and Aixela’s (1996) theoretical models. Then, Vinay and Darbelnet’s classification (1958) was applied to find the strategies used by the translator to render culture-specific items. To achieve the study's goal, the researcher extracted 1000 culture-specific items from the novel “Inferno.” The Persian translations of these items were studied using a corpus-based and descriptive design to recognize the equivalents chosen by the translator. The content analysis results indicated that the translator used 12 different types of strategies: borrowing, literal translation, adaptation, explicitation, generalization, amplification, transposition, calque, particularization, reduction, equivalence, and implicitation. The results also showed that borrowing, literal translation, and amplification were the most prevailing and frequently applied translation procedures, while equivalence, particularization, implicitation, and transposition were the least frequently utilized ones. It was also found that no modulation strategy was used regarding culture-specific items in the translation of the novel “Inferno” from English into Persian. The results of this study are helpful for general readers, translators, and translation teachers to select the more appropriate translation strategies, which results in a better understanding of literary books. تفاصيل المقالة -
حرية الوصول المقاله
9 - A Study of Translators’ Approach in Dealing with Culture-specific Items in Translation of Children’s Fantasy Fiction
Asma Sabermahani Azita GhazizadeThis study aimed to investigate translators‟ approach in dealing with culture-specific items (CSI) in translation of fantasy fiction for children. For this purpose, the culture-specific items in Persian translations of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien‟s The Lord of the Rings a أکثرThis study aimed to investigate translators‟ approach in dealing with culture-specific items (CSI) in translation of fantasy fiction for children. For this purpose, the culture-specific items in Persian translations of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien‟s The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit as well as Lewis‟s The Chronicles of Narnia were taken into consideration. Since children have limited amount of knowledge and language ability, translators of children‟s novels may encounter difficulties while dealing with culture-specific items. They cannot easily decide whether to domesticate or foreignize such items. The reason to select these novels was that these are highly fantasy, localized novels, and are expressive of the country where they were developed. They are also very popular novels and strongly related to fairy tales, myths, and legends. They demonstrate obvious deviation from reality and abound in culture-specific items. This descriptive research employed a parallel corpus study and a consolidation of translation procedures introduced by four theorists, i.e. Aixelá , Davies, Fernandes, and Klingberg as the theoretical framework. The results of the study were indicative of the translators‟ source-oriented tendency and the most frequently applied strategy was transliteration. تفاصيل المقالة -
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10 - Investigating Translation Strategies of Culture-Specific Items in Alignment with Nord’s Binary Translation Typology: A Case Study of Unaccustomed Earth
Matin Seif Sheshnavi Reza DeedariCulture is an extremely complex concept. Translating cultural elements is a demanding task due to the fact that these elements comprise specific meanings and implications belonging exclusively to the lan-guage and culture from which they have emerged. Regarding this p أکثرCulture is an extremely complex concept. Translating cultural elements is a demanding task due to the fact that these elements comprise specific meanings and implications belonging exclusively to the lan-guage and culture from which they have emerged. Regarding this point, the present article investigated the strategies employed for translating culture-specific items (CSIs) in an English novel, Unaccustomed Earth (2008) by Lahiri, which was rendered into Persian by three translators. After extracting and clas-sifying CSIs based on Pavlovic and Poslek’s categorization (1999), the translation strategies were de-termined in the three Persian TTs according to Davies’ model (2003), and then, the researchers went on to compare every source item to its three target equivalents, which were in turn compared to one anoth-er, to determine their translation strategies. It should be mentioned that a total of 284 CSIs were identi-fied. Finally, the frequency of the strategies was computed and the strategies were classified under Nord’s binary translation typology (2005) in order to pinpoint whether each TT belonged to documen-tary or instrumental type. According to the results, preservation was the dominant translation strategy in the three TTs, and all the TTs belonged to documentary translation. تفاصيل المقالة -
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11 - An Investigation into Norm Extraction with Regard to Domestication and Foreignization of Culture-Specific Items: A Case of Children’s Literature in the Past Four Years
mahtab zarezadeh Massood YazdanimoghaddamThe aim of this research was an investigation into norm extraction regarding the domestication and foreigni- zation of culture specific items (CSIs) in the children‟s literature in the last four years (from 1393 to 1396). The corpus of this study was 8 English children‟ أکثرThe aim of this research was an investigation into norm extraction regarding the domestication and foreigni- zation of culture specific items (CSIs) in the children‟s literature in the last four years (from 1393 to 1396). The corpus of this study was 8 English children‟s books with their Persian translated versions. The theoreti- cal framework of the research was associated with the Venuti translation strategies which are called domes- tication and foreignization. In order to identify the CSIs in the SL, the researcher used the taxonomies of culture-specific items of Espindola and Vasconcellos and Newmark and in order to associate each strategy with domestication or foreignization, the researcher has collected some procedures proposed by Aixelá, Vi- nay and Darbelnet and Newmark. The collected data from these books and their translations were inserted in tables and their strategies were identified by the use of the mentioned models. The findings of this research evinced that the strategies of domestication with 84.9% dominated the strategies of foreignization with 15%. As a conclusion the strategies which were regarded as the extracted norms were specified. تفاصيل المقالة
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