In order to investigate the effect of sugarcane compost on consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in corn fields, a research project was conducted according split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications along 2015 year. The main plot included different chemical nitrogenous fertilizer (Zero; control, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 pure nitrogen from urea source). Biological nitrogenous fertilizers in three levels (Azotobacter, Nitrokara and non-application of biofertilizer) belonged to sub plots. The results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of different levels of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer on plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter were significant at 1% probability level. But the differences were not significant for crop growth rate and net assimilation rate. The effect of different levels of biological nitrogenous fertilizers in all traits was significant at 1% probability level. The interaction effect of treatments on leaf area index at the stage of silk emergence was only significant at 5% probability level and was not significant difference for other traits. According the mean comparison result of chemical fertilizer the maximum and minimum values of the studied traits were observed in terms of consumption of 120 kg.ha-1 of urea and non-application of chemical fertilizer (control). Among different levels of biological fertilizer, the maximum and minimum amount were observed in traits of application of Nitrokara and without biological fertilizer treatment. In general, the results of the current experiment indicated that the use of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer and biological fertilizers in field with sugarcane compost had a positive effect on all studied traits and the best situation was obtained in 120 kg.ha-1 through chemical fertilizer and simultaneous use of Nitrokara fertilizers which could be of interest to researchers and farmers. تفاصيل المقالة

BACKGROUND: Management of nutrients, especially nitrogen, in order to economic production, maintains sustainable agriculture, provide food security and prevent environmental pollution is considered to have an important priority. Also select and propose responsible genotype to environmental conditions is a great factor. OBJECTIVES: The current research was conducted to evaluate effect of Azotobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on Nitrogen consumption efficiency indices of some safflower genotypes under dry land conditions. METHODS: This research was conducted via combined analysis factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2015-16 and 2016-17 year. The treatments included different level of Nitrogen (N0: nonuse of fertilizer or biofertilizer as control, N1: Seed inoculation with Azotobacter + nonuse of urea chemical fertilizer, N2: Seed inoculation with Azotobacter + 50% nitrogen from urea source, N3: 100% nitrogen from urea source according soil test) and 6 genotypes (G1: 312-S6-697, G2: PI-401478, G3: PI-253895, G4: PI-306974, G5: Padideh and G6: Sina). RESULT: Result of analysis of variance revealed effect of nitrogen factor and genotypes on all studied traits was significant. In this study combined application of 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer with Azotobacter in terms of seed yield was not significantly different from the treatment of 100% nitrogen fertilizer application and the nitrogen use efficiency in this treatment was significantly higher than the application of 100% chemical fertilizer. CONCLUSION: Sina genotype and combined use of 50% nitrogen fertilizer with Azotobacter to produce maximum yield and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer in order to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in the dry land conditions and can be recommended to producers in studied region. تفاصيل المقالة

BACKGROUND: Fertilizer management plays an important role to achieve sustainable agriculture.OBJECTIVES: Current study was conducted to assess response of agrophysiological traits of wheat to apply different level of fertilizer and biologic fertilizer (Phosphorus and Nitrogen).METHODS: This research was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2016 year. The treatments included phosphorus fertilizer (p < sub>1: 100% Triple superphosphate fertilizer, p < sub>2: 70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2, p < sub>3: 40% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2, p < sub>4: 100% Barvar 2) and nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 100% urea fertilizer, N2: 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter, N3: 40% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter).RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of phosphorus, nitrogen fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments on all studied traits (instead harvest index) were significant. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits revealed the highest amount of seed yield (6740.13 kg.ha-1), 1000-Seed weight (41.33 gr), biologic yield (16061.37 kg.ha-1), number of seed per spike (42.50) and number of spike per square meter (383.72) were noted for N2p < sub>2 (70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2 and 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter) and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to N1p < sub>1 (100% urea fertilizer round and 100% Triple superphosphate fertilizer treatment).CONCLUSION: Generally the results of this experiment showed that different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were effective on seed yield and its components. Finally based on result of this research use 70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2 and 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter improve crop production of bread wheat and can be advised to farmers. تفاصيل المقالة

Zinnia is an annual plant with the long flowering period from late spring to mid-autumn. It is a popular plant for landscape. In the present study, the effect of two types of growth promoting bacteria and Azolla compost on some ornamental characteristics of Zinnia were evaluated in pot cultivation and greenhouse conditions. The factorial experiment was conducted in three replications based on a completely randomized design with two factors, including Azolla compost in 6 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 percent) and growth promoting bacteria in 3 levels (without bacteria, Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria). The results showed that growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum and Azotobacter) and Azolla compost had a significant effect on the investigated factors. Treatment of 50% Azolla compost and Azospirillum compared to other treatments had higher leaf and root fresh weight, leaf nitrogen and plant height. Moreover, 10% Azolla compost and Azospirillum was the best treatment in terms of leaf and root dry matter content. According to conducted evaluation, Azospirillum with less percentage of compost had a significant effect on dry weight and Azospirillum with a higher percentage of compost had a significant effect on fresh weight. Besides, a higher percentage of compost in Azospirillum in treatment Azospirillum and 50% compost had a significant effect on leaf nitrogen and height of the stem. تفاصيل المقالة

A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran, to determine the effect of seed inoculation with plant growth-promotingrhizobacteria on rice grain yield and yield components under different nitrogen (N) rates. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with factorial arrangement and three replicates. Factors included seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [control (un-inoculated), seed inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, and seed inoculation with a combination of A. lipoferumand A. chroococcum] and N rates (100%, 75%, and 50% of recommended nitrogen rates, i.e. 100, 75 and 50 kg N ha-1, respectively). Results showed that the highest grain yield (7875 kg ha-1) was recorded for plants inoculated with a combination of A. lipoferumand A. chroococcum, while the lowest one was recorded for un-inoculated control plants. Moreover, rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight increased by 9%, 9%, 18%, and 6%, respectively, as N fertilizer rate increased from 50 to 100 kg ha-1. The highest grain yield (7875 kg ha-1) was obtained when N was applied at the rate of 75 kg ha-1to seeds inoculated with a combination of A. lipoferumand A. chroococcum. تفاصيل المقالة