Effect of Azolla Compost and Various Biofertilizers on Growth and Quality of Zinnia flower (Zinnia Elegans Thumbelina)
الموضوعات : مجله گیاهان زینتیKolsoum Forghan 1 , Ali Mahboub Khomami 2
1 - Department of Horticulture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 - Faculty Member of Soil and Water Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: growth factors, <i>Azolla</i> compost, <i>Azospirillum</i>, <i>Azotobacter</i>,
ملخص المقالة :
Zinnia is an annual plant with the long flowering period from late spring to mid-autumn. It is a popular plant for landscape. In the present study, the effect of two types of growth promoting bacteria and Azolla compost on some ornamental characteristics of Zinnia were evaluated in pot cultivation and greenhouse conditions. The factorial experiment was conducted in three replications based on a completely randomized design with two factors, including Azolla compost in 6 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 percent) and growth promoting bacteria in 3 levels (without bacteria, Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria). The results showed that growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum and Azotobacter) and Azolla compost had a significant effect on the investigated factors. Treatment of 50% Azolla compost and Azospirillum compared to other treatments had higher leaf and root fresh weight, leaf nitrogen and plant height. Moreover, 10% Azolla compost and Azospirillum was the best treatment in terms of leaf and root dry matter content. According to conducted evaluation, Azospirillum with less percentage of compost had a significant effect on dry weight and Azospirillum with a higher percentage of compost had a significant effect on fresh weight. Besides, a higher percentage of compost in Azospirillum in treatment Azospirillum and 50% compost had a significant effect on leaf nitrogen and height of the stem.
Alamri, S.A. and Mostafa, Y.S. 2009.Effect of nitrogen supply and Azospirillumbrasilense Sp-248 on the response of wheat to seawater irrigation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(2): 101-107.
Askary, M., Mostajeran, A., Amooaghaei, R. and Mostajeran, M. 2009. Influence of the Co-inoculation Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-D on grain yield and N,P,K content of Triticum aestivum (Cv. Baccros and Mahdavi). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 5 (3): 296-307.
Bashan, Y. and Dubrovsky, J.G. 1996. Azospririllum spp. participation dry matter partitioning in grasses at the whole plant level. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 23: 435-440.
Chen, Y., Inbar, Y. and Hadar, Y. 1988. Composted agricultural wastes as potting media for ornamental plants. Soil Science, 145 (4): 298-303.
Das, A., Patel, D.P., Munda, G.C. and Ghosh, P.K. 2010. Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility of maize (Zea mays)- mustard (Brassica campestris) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80 (1): 85-88.
Dashti, N., Zhang, F., Hynes, R. and Smith, D. L. 1997. Application of plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) increases protein and dry matter yield under short- season condition. Plant and Soil, 88 (1): 33-41.
Dole, J. M. and Wilkins, H. F. 2005. Floriculture: Principles and species. Prentice Hall, USA.
Ghasemi Ghahsare, M. and Kafi, M. 2009. Floriculture(Vol. 1). Author’s Publication. 313 pages.
Hajiboland, R., Asgharzadeh, N. and Mehrfar, Z. 2004. Ecological study of Azotobacter in two pasture lands of the north-west Iran and its inoculation effect on growth and mineral nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Omid) plants. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 8 (2): 75-90.
Kapulnik, Y., Gafny, R. and Okon, Y. 1985. Effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation on root development and no3- uptake in wheat in hydroponic system. Canadian Journal of Botany, 63(3): 627-631.
Karimi, M., Inzé, D. and Depicker, A. 2002. GATEWAY™ vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Trends in Plant Science,7 (5):193–195.
Mahboub Khomami , A. and Mammadov Goshgar, M. 2014. Growth of Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Tropic Snow’ in growing media containing sugarcane bagasse and sawdust vermicompost. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 4 (2): 61-67.
Mahboub Khomami, A. and Padasht Dehkaei, M.N. 2010. Effect of composted Azolla in different growth media on growth and nutrient elements compasition in Ficus benjamina Plant cv. ‘Starlight’. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 25 (4): 417-430. (In Persian).
Mazumdar, B.C. and Majumdar, K. 2003. Methods on physicochemical analysis of fruits. www.Sundeepbbooks.com. 187p.
Ostadi Jaafari, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Ghorbani, R. 2012. Study of beneficial levels and effect of Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillium spp. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2): 277-283 (In Persian).
Pandey, R., Agarwal, R.M. and Palni, L.M.S. 1998. Influence of some bioregulators on quality traits of pruned tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77(4): 429-434.
Rahimi, M., Farhadi, R. and Poor, H. Y. 2012. Phytoremediation of arsenic. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3( 7): 230-233.
Ramesh, P., Panwar, N.R., Singh, A.B., Ramana, S. and Rao, A.S. 2009. Impact of organic manure combinations on the productivity and soil quality in different cropping systems in Ramesh. Central Indian Journal of Plant Nutrition, 172 (4): 577-585.
Reyhani Tabar, A.S., Saleh Rastin, N., Alikhani, H. and Mohammadi, M. 2002. The effects of pseudomonas fluorescens strains on nutrient uptake in wheat, Journal of Agricultural Science, 33(4), 771-780 (In Persian).
Rohitashav, S., Sood, B.K., Sharma, V.K. and Shingh, R. 1999. Response of forage wheat and barley to Azotobacter inoculation and nitrogen. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 38: 555- 558.
Rokhzadi, A., Asgharzadeh, A., Darvish, F. and Nour-Mohammadi Gand Majidi, E. 2008. Influence of plant growth-promoting Rhizobateria on dry matter accumulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 3(2): 253-257.
Sanati, B.E., Daneshiyan, J., Amiri E. and Azarpour, E. 2011. Study of organic fertilizers displacement in rice sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(2): 134-142.
Talik, K.V.B.R., Singh, C.S., Roy, V.K. and Rao, N.S.S. 1998. Pseudomonas and Azotobacter chrooococcum inoculum: Effect on yield of barley and sorghum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14: 417–419.
Tilak, K.V.B.R., Singh, C.S., Roy, N.K. and Rao, N.S.S. 1982. Azospirillumbrasilense and Azotobacter inoculum effect on maize and sorghum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14: 417-418.
Yahalom, E.K. and Okon, Y. 2004. Response of Seraria italic to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as compared to Azotobacter chroccoum. Plant and Soil, 82: 77-85.
