ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی و زیستی خاک با استفاده از طیف سنجی در اراضی کشاورزی استان زنجان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
محمد صادق عسکری
1
,
گلناز رستم خانی
2
,
ستاره امانی فر
3
,
تورج خوش زمان
4
1 - استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
2 - گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
3 - استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
4 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، استان زنجان
کلید واژه: داده های طیفی, کاربری کشاورزی, آنالیز چند متغیره, مدیریت خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه یک روش دقیق و سریع به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر عملیات زراعی بر کیفیت خاک اهمیت بسیاری در مدیریت پایدار منابع و نظارت بر روشهای مدیریتی در اکوسیستم‌های کشاورزی دارد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی کارایی طیفسنجی به عنوان یک روش کمی و سریع به منظور نظارت بر کیفیت فیزیکی و زیستی خاک تحت مدیریت‌های کشاورزی در استان زنجان بود. بدین منظور 77 نمونه خاک از عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متری در دو کاربری کشاورزی دیم و آبی جمع‌آوری و مهمترین ویژگیهای فیزیکی و زیستی مؤثر بر ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در اراضی استان با استفاده از روشهای استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شدند. سپس دادههای طیفی نمونه‌های خاک در محدوده مرئی و مادون قرمز تهیه و مدل‌های طیفی با استفاده از رگرسیون حداقل مربعات جزئی محاسبه شد. میانگین بازتابی طیف‌های خاک در محدوده 450 تا 2450 نانومتر، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین کاربری‌ها دیم و آبی (05/0p ˂) نشان داد. همچنین نوع کاربری تأثیر معنی‌داری (001/0p ˂) بر اغلب ویژگیهای فیزیکی و زیستی اندازه گیری شده داشت. مدل‌های طیفی با دقت "عالی" (8/0RPD>2) برای زیست توده میکروبی، پایداری خاکدانه و مقدار شن و با دقت "متوسط" (65/0RPD>5/1) برای جرم مخصوص ظاهری، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و مقدار سیلت بدست آمد. درحالیکه ضریب جذب‌پذیری با دقت مناسبی توسط مدل‌های طیفی برآورد نشد. تأثیر عملیات مدیریتی تحت کاربری‌های دیم و آبی با استفاده از بازتاب مشخصه طیفی خاک قابل تمایز بود
Developing a precise and rapid method for assessing the impact of farming operations on soil quality is important for sustainable resource management and monitoring management approaches in agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spectroscopy as a rapid and quantitative approach for monitoring physical and biological soil quality under agricultural management in Zanjan province. 77 soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-20 cm under irrigated and rain-fed agriculture. Important physical and biological properties, affecting soil quality in this province, were measured using standard methods. Then, soil spectral data were determined in VIS-NIR region and spectral models were calculated using partial least square regression. The average reflectance of soil spectra from 450 to 2450 nm, were significantly different (p < 0.05) between rain-fed and irrigated land uses. Moreover, land use type had a significant impact on most physical and biological properties, measured in this study. Spectral models with excellent accuracy(RPD>2.5 and R2>0.8) were noted for soil microbial respiration, clay content and soil organic content. The models with good accuracy (2<RPD0.76) for microbial carbon biomass, aggregate stability, sand content and with moderate accuracy (1.5<RPD0.65) for bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and silt content were obtained. However, sorptivity was not estimated with appropriate accuracy using spectral models. The effect of management operations under irrigated and rain-fed land use was detectable using soil reflectance spectral signature, and spectral data showed an overall good ability for evaluating physical and biological indicators of soil quality.
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