بررسی اثرات دگرآسیبی گیاه چغندرقند (.Beta vulgaris L) بر مؤلفه های جوانه‌زنی و رشدی دو علف هرز تاج خروس (.Amaranthous retliflexus L) و خرفه (.Potulace oleracea L)
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش علف های هرز
علیرضا دادخواه
1
,
رضا رضوانی
2
1 - استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران
2 - مدرس، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران
کلید واژه: آللوپاتی, جوانه‌زنی بذر, علفکش, ویژگی های رشد, کلروفیل,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش در سال 1401 به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر عصاره اندام‌های هوایی گیاه چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris L.) بر ویژگی¬های جوانه‌زنی و رشد دو علف هرز تاج خروس و خرفه در دو محیط (آزمایشگاه و گلخانه) به‌صورت فاکتوریل به-ترتیب در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: تیمار گونه گیاهی در دو سطح (تاج خروس و خرفه) و عصاره آبی برگ گیاه چغندرقند در چهار سطح (صفر (شاهد)، 5، 10 و 20% اندام برگ) بود. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت عصاره‌ها؛ صفات جوانه¬زنی، رشدی و همچنین محتوای کلروفیل کل هر دو علف هرز مذکور به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. تیمار20% عصاره برگ؛ درصد جوانه¬زنی تاج خروس و خرفه را به¬ترتیب 3/75 و 6/48% نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. همچنین بیشترین بازدارندگی سرعت جوانه¬¬زنی مربوط به عصاره 20% بود. به¬طوری که سرعت جوانه¬زنی تاج خروس و خرفه به¬ترتیب 2/80 و 4/65% نسبت به شاهد کاهش نشان داد. عصاره 20% برگ چغندرقند، طول ساقه¬چه و ریشه¬چه تاج خروس را به¬ترتیب 92% و 96% نسبت به شاهدکاهش داد. در حالی که طول ساقه¬چه و ریشه ¬چه خرفه 2/48 و 79% نسبت به شاهد کاهش داشت. مؤلفه¬های جوانه¬زنی و رشد تاج خروس به¬طور معنی-داری بیشتر از خرفه تحت تأثیر عصاره برگ گیاه چغندرقند قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش همچنین نشان داد با افزایش غلظت عصاره چغندرقند، میزان کلروفیل در هر دو گیاه مورد آزمایش به¬طور معنی¬داری کاهش یافت. البته حساسیت تاج خروس نسبت به خرفه بیشتر بود، به¬طوری که در غلظت عصاره 20% چغندر قند میزان کلرفیل در تاج خروس، 53% نسبت به شاهد کاهش داشت. به¬طور کلی در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی، علف هرز تاج خروس حساسیت بیشتری به اثرات دگرآسیبی عصاره چغندرقند نسبت به خرفه داشت. درواقع این امکان وجود دارد که با استفاده از خاصیت دگرآسیبی به¬دلیل کاربرد ارزان¬تر، راحت¬تر و دوست¬دار محیط زیست بتوان جوانه¬زنی و رشد علف¬های هرز را تعدیل کرد. اگرچه برای توصیه قطعی این راهکار لازم است مطالعات دقیق‌تری انجام گردد.
Two factorial experiments were carried out in different conditions, laboratory and greenhouse, based on a completely randomized design and randomized complete block design with three replications, respectively, to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of aerial organs of Beta vulgaris on growth traits and germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. The first factor was plant species including: Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea, the second factor was leaf aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris plant in three levels (zero (control), 10 and 20% of leaf extract. The results showed that with increasing extract concentration, the germination, growth traits and total chlorophyll of two investigated plants significantly decreased. The 20% concentration of aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris decreased the germination percentage and germination rate of Amaranthous retroflexus by 75.3% and 80.2% and 48.6 and 65.4% for Portulaca oleracea, respectively. The concentration of 20% aqueous extract of sugar beet decreased the stemlet and rootlet of Amaranthus seedling by 92.7 and 96%. However, the stemlet and rootlet of Portulaca seedlings decreased by 48.2 and 79%, respectively, compared to the control. Also, 20% concentration of sugar beet extract had highest inhibition on dry weight of Amaranthus (96%) and Portulaca (78%) compared to control. The results of experiment showed that Amaranthus plants were more sensitive to aqueous extract of sugar beet than Portulaca. In fact, allelopathy could be cheaper, easier and friendly to environment strategy that can be considered for weeds control. Although, more studies are needed for definitive recommendation of this strategy.
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