اثر تاريخ كاشت و تراكم بذر بر ویژگی های مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان در منطقه مغان
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعيکلید واژه: گندم, تاريخ كاشت, تراكم بوته و رقم,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسي اثر تاريخ و تراكم كاشت بر خصوصيات مورفولوژيكي و عملكرد دو رقم جديد گندم، آزمايشي در سال زراعي 86-1385 در مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي اردبيل (مغان) انجام گرفت. اين آزمايش به صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده در چهار تاريخ كاشت (15 آبان، 30 آبان، 15 آذر و 30 آذر) به عنوان كرت اصلي، دو لاين گندم(آرتا و مغان-3) به عنوان كرت فرعي و چهار تراكم بذر (300، 350، 400 و 450 دانه در متر مربع) به عنوان كرت فرعي فرعي با سه تكرار اجرا شد. نتايج تجزيه واريانس داده هاي مربوط به عملكرد دانه و صفات مورد بررسي حاكي از وجود اختلاف معني دار در بين تاريخ هاي كاشت از نظر عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك، شاخص برداشت، ارتفاع بوته، طول دوره رشد و روز تا سنبله دهي در سطح احتمال 1٪ و براي صفات تعداد پنجه بارور و طول سنبله در سطح احتمال 5٪ بود. مقايسه ميانگين تاريخ هاي مختلف كاشت نشان داد كه از نظر عملكرد دانه، تاريخ كاشت 15آبان ماه با 7397 كيلو گرم در هكتار جزو بهترين تاريخ هاي كاشت در منطقه است. عملكرد دانه بالاتر در اين تاريخ كشت ناشی از طول دوره رشد بيشتر (1/214 روز تا رسيدگي)، طول سنبله بيشتر (57/9 سانتي متر) و تعداد پنجه بارور بيشتر (24/3 پنجه) بود. بين ارقام گندم از نظر شاخص برداشت، تعداد سنبلچه، ارتفاع بوته و طول سنبله در سطح احتمال 1٪ و از نظر صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله در سطح احتمال 5 ٪ اختلاف معني دار مشاهده شد. تراكم هاي مختلف بذر نيز براي عملكرد دانه و صفات طول سنبله و تعداد دانه در سنبله در سطح احتمال 5 ٪ اختلاف معني دار داشتند. تراكم بذر 350 دانه در متر مربع با توليد7170 كيلو گرم در هكتار، با طول سنبله 08/9 سانتي متر و با تعداد دانه در سنبله برابر 43/42 دانه، بیشترین مقدار را داشت. اثر متقابل تاريخ كاشت در رقم نيز روي عملكرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، تعداد پنجه و طول پدانكل معني دار شد. اثر متقابل تاريخ كاشت در تراكم نيز روي عملكرد دانه و طول سنبله معني دار گرديد. اثر متقابل رقم در تراكم فقط در مورد عملكرد دانه معني دار شد. تاريخ كاشت سوم (15 آذر) و تراكم دوم (350 بذر در متر مربع) بيشترين عملكرد دانه را توليد كرد. اثر متقابل رقم در تراكم معني دار شد. به طوري كه رقم مغان-3 در تراكم دوم و رقم آرتا در تراكم سوم بيشترين عملكرد دانه را توليد كردند.
To study the effects of different planting dates and plant density on morphological traits of two wheat lines an experiment was performed at Moghan Agricultural Research Center in 2008. The experiment was done in split-split plot design .Four planting dates (November 6‚ November 21‚ December 6 and December 21) were assigned to plot‚ two wheat varieties to sub plot and four seed density (300‚ 350‚400 and 450 grain per square meter) to sub subplot with three replications. The results showed that the November 6th planting with 7397 kg/h was one of the best planting times based on grain yield. There was significant difference among wheat varieties based on harvest index‚ number of spikelet‚ plat height and panicle length with the probability of %1‚and with regard to the number of grain in a panicle this difference was around %5. Regarding those features there were not significant differences between Arta and Moghan-3. Different Grain densities for grain yield‚ panicle length and number of grain in the panicle in the %5 probability were significant. Seed density of 350 per square meter was 7170 kg/m‚ panicle of 9.08 and 42.43 grain in a panicle. Also‚ the effect of planting time on grain yield‚ harvest index‚number of tillers‚ and peduncle length was significant. The correlation of variety and density on grain yield was meaning full‚ too. Third planting date‚ and second density had the best results in grain yield. Although variety was not of significant for grain yield‚ Moghan-3 had more grain yield compared to Arta. For Moghan-3 variety third planting time and for Arta the first planting time seems the best. We also made the correlation between variety density significant so that Moghan-3 variety in second density and Arta variety in third density produced the most grain yield. Finally‚ based on these experiment results it is recommended to plant Moghan-3 with 350 seed density in a square meter in the first half of November and Arta with 400 seed density in the second half of November. In this study the correlation between grain yield and fertile tiller was found to be positive but non-significant‚ with the number of spike lets negative and non-significant. So it is useful to use ideal fertile tiller varieties when we want to choose suitable planting varieties.
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