اثر تنش خشكي و محلول پاشي عناصر ريز مغذي بر عملكرد گندم رقم زرين

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

سهيلا فرهمند ¹ , محسن رشدي ²

1 - دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد كشاورزي - زراعت، واحد خوي، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، خوي- ايران
2 - عضو هيات علمي گروه كشاورزي – زراعت، واحد خوي ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي ، خوي ، ايران

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/09/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/07/16

کلید واژه: خصوصيات رويشي, قطع آبياري, عناصر ريزمغذي, گندم, محلول پاشي.,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسي اثرات اعمال تنش خشكي در مراحل مختلف رشد و نمو گندم و مصرف عناصر ريزمغذي بر عملكرد دانه گندم زرين، آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي در چهار تكرار در مهر ماه سال 1390 در مزرعه اي واقع در شهرستان ماكو به اجرا در آمد. در اين طرح قطع آبياري در سه سطح (سنبله دهي، دانه بندي و عدم قطع آبياري) به عنوان عامل اول و مصرف عناصر ريز مغذي در سه سطح (ساقه رفتن و سنبله دهي، ساقه رفتن و دانه بندي، سنبله دهي و دانه بندي) به عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شد. نتايج تجزيه واريانس نشان داد که قطع آبياري بر صفت ارتفاع ساقه، طول سنبله، عملكرد دانه، وزن صد دانه، عملكرد پروتئين و عملكرد بيولوژ‍يك در سطح احتمال يك درصد معني دار بودو در تمامي صفات مورد بررسي، نيز بيشترين عدد مربوط به عدم قطع آبياري به همراه محلول پاشي عناصر ريز مغذي در مرحله سنبله دهي+ دانه بندي بود. به طوري كه بيشترين عملكرد دانه مربوط به عدم قطع آباري با 9/426 گرم متر مربع بود، همچنين بيشترين وزن صد دانه نيز مربوط به عدم قطع آبياري به همراه محلول پاشي عناصر ريز مغذي در مرحله سنبله دهي و دانه بندي به ميزان 74/5 گرم بود. مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه گندم رقم زرين در مراحل سنبله دهي و دانه بندي نسبت به ساير مراحل نمو از حساسيت بيشتري برخوردار است و دوره گل دهي حساسترين دوره به كمبود آب است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the impact of drought stress in different stages of wheat growth and consumption of micro-nutrients on the yield of Zarrin wheat, an experiment was carried out in factorial complete random design with four replications in Mehr 1390, on a farm in Maku vicinity. In this plan, non-irrigation in three levels ( tillering, grain filling, and non-stop irrigation ) as the first factor, and the consumption of micro-nutrients in three levels ( stem growth and tillering, stem growth and grain filling, tillering and grain filling ) were considered as the second factor. The results of variance analysis showed that non-irrigation had impacts on the stem height, length of cluster, grain yield, 100-grain weight, protein yield, and biologic yield with one percent probability. In all studied traits, the highest amount was allocated to continuing irrigation together with spraying of micro-nutrients in the stage of clustering plus grain filling. So as the highest yield with continuation of irrigation was 426.9g per square meter and the highest weight of 100-grain was related to the irrigation together with micro-nutrient elements spraying on the stage of clustering, grain filling which had more sensitivity than other growth stages; and the flowering stage had the highest sensitivity to lack of water.

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